Abstract：
Arsenic (As) is a widespread metalloid with well-known toxicity. To date, numerous studies have focused on individual level toxicity (e.g., growth and reproduction) of As to typical invertebrate springtails in soils, however, the molecular level toxicity and mechanism was poorly understood. Here, an integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics approach was used to reveal responses of Folsomia candida exposed to As(V) of 10 and 60 mg kg-1 at which the individual level endpoints were influenced. Transcriptomics identified 5349 and 4020 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in low and high concentration groups, respectively, and the most DEGs were down-regulated. Enrichment analysis showed that low and high concentrations of As(V) significantly inhibited chromatin/chromosome-related biological processes (chromatin/chromosome organization, nucleosome assembly and organization, etc.) in springtails. At high concentration treatment, structural constituent of cuticle, chitin metabolic process and peptidase activity (serine-type peptidase activity, endopeptidase activity, etc.) were inhibited or disturbed. Moreover, the apoptosis pathway was significantly induced. Metabolomics analysis identified 271 differential changed metabolites (DCMs) in springtails exposed to high concentration of As. Steroid hormone biosynthesis was the most significantly affected pathway. Several DCMs that related to chitin metabolism could further support above transcriptomic results. These findings further extended the knowledge of As toxic mechanisms to soil fauna and offer important information for the environmental risk assessment.
摘要：
砷（As）是一种广泛存在的准金属，具有众所周知的毒性。迄今为止,许多研究都集中在个体水平的毒性(例如，生长和繁殖）对土壤中典型的无脊椎动物跳尾鱼的影响，然而,分子水平的毒性和机制知之甚少。这里,整合的转录组学和代谢组学方法用于揭示暴露于10和60mgkg-1的As(V)的念珠菌的反应,在这些反应中,个体水平的终点受到影响.转录组学在低浓度和高浓度组中鉴定了5349和4020个差异表达基因（DEG），分别,大多数DEG被下调。富集分析表明，低浓度和高浓度的As（V）显着抑制染色质/染色体相关的生物学过程（染色质/染色体组织，核小体组装和组织，等。)在春尾。在高浓度处理下，角质层的结构成分，几丁质代谢过程和肽酶活性(丝氨酸型肽酶活性，内肽酶活性，等。)被抑制或扰乱。此外，显著诱导凋亡途径。代谢组学分析确定了暴露于高浓度As的春尾中271种差异变化的代谢物（DCM）。类固醇激素生物合成是受影响最显著的途径。与几丁质代谢相关的几种DCM可以进一步支持上述转录组结果。这些发现进一步将As毒性机制的知识扩展到土壤动物，并为环境风险评估提供了重要信息。
