Abstract：
Silk, especially spider and insect silk, is a highly versatile biomaterial with potential applications in biomedicine, materials science, and biomimetic engineering. The primary structure of silk proteins is the basis for the mechanical properties of silk fibers. Biotechnologies such as single-molecule sequencing have facilitated an increasing number of reports on new silk genes and assembled silk proteins. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in representative spider and insect silk proteins, focusing on identification methods, sequence characteristics, and de novo design and assembly. The review discusses three identification methods for silk genes: polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing, PCR-free cloning and sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing. Moreover, it reveals the main spider and insect silk proteins and their sequences. Subsequent de novo assembly of artificial silk is covered and future research directions in the field of silk proteins, including new silk genes, customizable artificial silk, and the expansion of silk production and applications are discussed. This review provides a basis for the genetic aspects of silk production and the potential applications of artificial silk in material science and biomedical engineering.
摘要：
丝绸,尤其是蜘蛛和昆虫丝，是一种用途广泛的生物材料，在生物医学中具有潜在的应用，材料科学,和仿生工程。丝蛋白的一级结构是丝纤维力学性能的基础。单分子测序等生物技术促进了越来越多关于新丝基因和组装丝蛋白的报道。因此,这篇综述旨在全面概述代表性蜘蛛和昆虫丝蛋白的最新进展，专注于识别方法，序列特征，以及从头设计和组装。本文讨论了丝基因的三种鉴定方法：基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）的测序，无PCR克隆和测序，和全基因组测序。此外，它揭示了主要的蜘蛛和昆虫丝蛋白及其序列。随后对人造丝的从头组装进行了综述，并在丝蛋白领域进行了未来的研究方向，包括新的丝基因，可定制的人造丝绸，并对丝绸的生产和应用进行了探讨。该综述为真丝生产的遗传方面以及人造丝在材料科学和生物医学工程中的潜在应用提供了基础。
