Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Estrogen and progesterone play key roles in the maintenance of pregnancy, and their function is mediated via estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)/estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and progesterone receptor (PGR), respectively. It has been suggested the genetic variations in ESR1, ESR2, and PGR may contribute to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); however, the available evidence remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relation of various polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, and PGR genes to the risk of RPL.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus up to August 2023 to obtain relevant studies. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed and pooled with the use of random-effects models to test the associations.
RESULTS: A total of 31 studies with 12 different polymorphisms, including 5 polymorphisms for ESR1, 3 polymorphisms for ESR2, and 4 polymorphisms for PGR, were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant relationship was found between various polymorphisms of ESR1 and ESR2 with RPL in any of the genetic analysis models. PGR rs590688 (C > G) polymorphism was significantly related to the elevated risk of RPL under the dominant (OR = 1.67; 95 %CI: 1.15-2.44), allelic (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI: 1.13-2.12), and GC vs. CC (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI: 1.07-2.23) models. No significant association was identified for other variants of PGR gene.
CONCLUSIONS: Unlike estrogen receptors, variations in PGR rs590688 (C > G) may be linked to the increased risk of RPL. More studies are required to confirm this finding.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus up to August 2023 to obtain relevant studies. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed and pooled with the use of random-effects models to test the associations.
RESULTS: A total of 31 studies with 12 different polymorphisms, including 5 polymorphisms for ESR1, 3 polymorphisms for ESR2, and 4 polymorphisms for PGR, were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant relationship was found between various polymorphisms of ESR1 and ESR2 with RPL in any of the genetic analysis models. PGR rs590688 (C > G) polymorphism was significantly related to the elevated risk of RPL under the dominant (OR = 1.67; 95 %CI: 1.15-2.44), allelic (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI: 1.13-2.12), and GC vs. CC (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI: 1.07-2.23) models. No significant association was identified for other variants of PGR gene.
CONCLUSIONS: Unlike estrogen receptors, variations in PGR rs590688 (C > G) may be linked to the increased risk of RPL. More studies are required to confirm this finding.
摘要：
目的：雌激素和孕激素在维持妊娠中起关键作用，它们的功能是通过雌激素受体1（ESR1）/雌激素受体2（ESR2）和孕激素受体（PGR）介导的，分别。有人认为，ESR1，ESR2和PGR的遗传变异可能导致复发性妊娠丢失（RPL）；然而，现有的证据仍然存在争议。本荟萃分析旨在探讨ESR1，ESR2和PGR基因的各种多态性与RPL风险的关系。
方法：使用PubMed和Scopus进行了系统的文献检索，直至2023年8月，以获得相关研究。计算具有95％置信区间（95％CIs）的比值比（OR），并使用随机效应模型进行汇总以测试相关性。
结果：共有31项具有12种不同多态性的研究，包括ESR1的5个多态性，ESR2的3个多态性和PGR的4个多态性，在本次荟萃分析中进行了分析。总的来说,在任何遗传分析模型中，ESR1和ESR2的各种多态性与RPL之间均未发现显着关系。PGRrs590688(C>G)多态性与显性下RPL升高风险显著相关(OR=1.67;95CI:1.15-2.44),等位基因（OR=1.55；95CI：1.13-2.12），和GCvs.CC（OR=1.55；95CI：1.07-2.23）模型。对于PGR基因的其他变体没有发现显著的关联。
结论：与雌激素受体不同，PGRrs590688（C>G）的变化可能与RPL的风险增加有关。需要更多的研究来证实这一发现。
方法：使用PubMed和Scopus进行了系统的文献检索，直至2023年8月，以获得相关研究。计算具有95％置信区间（95％CIs）的比值比（OR），并使用随机效应模型进行汇总以测试相关性。
结果：共有31项具有12种不同多态性的研究，包括ESR1的5个多态性，ESR2的3个多态性和PGR的4个多态性，在本次荟萃分析中进行了分析。总的来说,在任何遗传分析模型中，ESR1和ESR2的各种多态性与RPL之间均未发现显着关系。PGRrs590688(C>G)多态性与显性下RPL升高风险显著相关(OR=1.67;95CI:1.15-2.44),等位基因（OR=1.55；95CI：1.13-2.12），和GCvs.CC（OR=1.55；95CI：1.07-2.23）模型。对于PGR基因的其他变体没有发现显著的关联。
结论：与雌激素受体不同，PGRrs590688（C>G）的变化可能与RPL的风险增加有关。需要更多的研究来证实这一发现。
