PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The neuroendocrine system has important implications for affiliation behavior among humans and can be used to assess the correlation between social relationships, stress, and health. This can be influenced by social closeness; this aspect is the closeness towards another individual or a group of individuals such as a sports team. Sports performance anxiety is considered an unpleasant emotional reaction composed of physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. This motivates us to learn about the process that can influence the outcome of competition. Hormones and genetics would seem to influence outcome and performance. In this regard, many studies have focused on the exercise response as a function of ovarian hormones and it has been observed that progesterone is a hormone that plays a key role in reducing anxiety, and thus stress, in humans and other animals. On the other hand, high cortisol concentrations are known to contribute to increased anxiety levels. However, the salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) enzyme has been suggested as marker of acute stress than cortisol. Genetics also seem to influence anxiety and stress management as in the case of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and striatal dopamine transporter (DAT). Therefore, the study aims to investigate social closeness, as a measure of sports team cohesion that can influence athletes\' performance results, and its ability to influence the secretion of hormones, such as progesterone and cortisol, that affect the management of sports anxiety while also taking into account genetic background during a volleyball match.
UNASSIGNED: Twenty-six female volleyball players who volunteered participated in this study (mean ± SD: age, 12.07 ± 0.7 years), and played in the final of the provincial volleyball championship in Palermo. All girls were during the ovarian cycle, in detail between the follicular and early ovulatory phases.
UNASSIGNED: The results showed a significant decrease in salivary cortisol only in the winning group (p < 0.039). In fact, whilst in the latter the pre-match level was 7.7 ng/ml and then decreased to 4.5 ng/ml after the match, in the losers group change was not statistically significant (7.8 ng/ml vs 6.6 ng/ml pre- and post-match). As to the sAA concentration, the winning team showed a statistically significant variation between pre- and post-match than the losers (166.01 ± 250 U/ml vs 291.59 ± 241 U/ml) (p = 0.01).
UNASSIGNED: Analyzing the results of the SAS-2 psychological test it is highlighted that, on average, the loser group was more anxious than the winning group, and this contributed to the final result. In conclusion, there is strong evidence supporting the state of the art that many factors can affect performance anxiety and thus the performance itself.
UNASSIGNED: Twenty-six female volleyball players who volunteered participated in this study (mean ± SD: age, 12.07 ± 0.7 years), and played in the final of the provincial volleyball championship in Palermo. All girls were during the ovarian cycle, in detail between the follicular and early ovulatory phases.
UNASSIGNED: The results showed a significant decrease in salivary cortisol only in the winning group (p < 0.039). In fact, whilst in the latter the pre-match level was 7.7 ng/ml and then decreased to 4.5 ng/ml after the match, in the losers group change was not statistically significant (7.8 ng/ml vs 6.6 ng/ml pre- and post-match). As to the sAA concentration, the winning team showed a statistically significant variation between pre- and post-match than the losers (166.01 ± 250 U/ml vs 291.59 ± 241 U/ml) (p = 0.01).
UNASSIGNED: Analyzing the results of the SAS-2 psychological test it is highlighted that, on average, the loser group was more anxious than the winning group, and this contributed to the final result. In conclusion, there is strong evidence supporting the state of the art that many factors can affect performance anxiety and thus the performance itself.
摘要：
■神经内分泌系统对人类之间的隶属行为具有重要意义，可用于评估社会关系之间的相关性，压力，和健康。这可能受到社会亲密关系的影响；这方面是与另一个人或一群人（例如运动队）的亲密关系。运动表现焦虑被认为是一种由生理、认知，情感,和行为成分。这促使我们了解可能影响竞争结果的过程。激素和遗传学似乎会影响结果和表现。在这方面,许多研究都集中在运动反应作为卵巢激素的功能，并已观察到，孕激素是一种在减少焦虑中起关键作用的激素，因此压力，在人类和其他动物中。另一方面,众所周知，高皮质醇浓度会导致焦虑水平增加。然而,唾液α-淀粉酶（sAA）酶被认为是急性应激的标志，而不是皮质醇。在脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白（DAT）的情况下，遗传学似乎也会影响焦虑和压力管理。因此,这项研究旨在调查社会亲密关系，作为衡量运动队凝聚力的指标，可以影响运动员的表现结果，以及它影响荷尔蒙分泌的能力，比如孕酮和皮质醇，这影响了运动焦虑的管理，同时也考虑了排球比赛期间的遗传背景。
■自愿参加本研究的26名女子排球运动员（平均值±SD：年龄，12.07±0.7年)，并参加了巴勒莫省排球锦标赛的决赛。所有女孩都在卵巢周期，详细说明在卵泡期和排卵早期之间。
■结果显示，仅在获胜组中唾液皮质醇显着下降（p<0.039）。事实上,而在后者中，赛前水平为7.7ng/ml，赛后降至4.5ng/ml，失败者组的变化无统计学意义(7.8ng/mlvs6.6ng/ml赛前和赛后).关于sAA浓度,获胜团队在比赛前和比赛后的差异具有统计学意义（166.01±250U/mlvs291.59±241U/ml）（p=0.01）。
■分析SAS-2心理测验的结果，平均而言,失败者比胜利者更焦虑，这有助于最终的结果。总之,有强有力的证据表明，许多因素可以影响表演焦虑，从而影响表演本身。
■自愿参加本研究的26名女子排球运动员（平均值±SD：年龄，12.07±0.7年)，并参加了巴勒莫省排球锦标赛的决赛。所有女孩都在卵巢周期，详细说明在卵泡期和排卵早期之间。
■结果显示，仅在获胜组中唾液皮质醇显着下降（p<0.039）。事实上,而在后者中，赛前水平为7.7ng/ml，赛后降至4.5ng/ml，失败者组的变化无统计学意义(7.8ng/mlvs6.6ng/ml赛前和赛后).关于sAA浓度,获胜团队在比赛前和比赛后的差异具有统计学意义（166.01±250U/mlvs291.59±241U/ml）（p=0.01）。
■分析SAS-2心理测验的结果，平均而言,失败者比胜利者更焦虑，这有助于最终的结果。总之,有强有力的证据表明，许多因素可以影响表演焦虑，从而影响表演本身。
