Abstract：
The aim of this study was to assess the adsorption of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely Paracetamol (PRC), Diclofenac (DIC), Ibuprofen (IBU), and Ketoprofen (KET), using both batch and continuous experiments with clay. Various analytical techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM coupled to EDX, and Zeta potential, were employed to characterize both raw and calcined clay. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the kaolinite nature of the clay. SEM data revealed a lamellar structure formed in the clay after calcination at 550 °C. Adsorption tests were conducted to determine the optimal adsorption conditions. Batch kinetics of adsorption demonstrated rapid adsorption of all four NSAIDs, with the highest adsorption occurring at pH 4 (DIC, IBU, and KET) and pH 6 for PRC, using a concentration of 20 mg L-1 of calcined clay. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for all NSAIDs adsorption processes. Maximum adsorption capacities, as determined by the Langmuir model, were 80 mg g-1 for PRC, 238 mg -1g for DIC, 138 mg g-1 for IBU, and 245 mg g-1 for KET. In fixed bed column studies, three dynamic models (Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson) were utilized to describe the breakthrough curves, with linear regression used to identify key characteristics for process design. The fixed bed column adsorption study revealed that DIC exhibited the highest removal efficiency at 98%, while KET, IBU, and PRC were more persistent, with removal efficiencies of 77.1%, 76.7%, and 67.1%, respectively. The Thomas model was deemed appropriate for describing the breakthrough curve. These findings offer valuable insights into the interactions between clay and pharmaceuticals with varying physicochemical properties. They also provide information on the adsorption models, saturation, and adsorption capacities of various pharmaceuticals on natural clays, which can be crucial for further research and environmental remediation efforts.
摘要：
这项研究的目的是评估四种非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的吸附，即扑热息痛(PRC)，双氯芬酸(DIC),布洛芬(IBU),和酮洛芬（KET），用粘土进行分批和连续实验。各种分析技术，包括XRD,FTIR,SEM与EDX耦合，和Zeta潜力，用于表征粗粘土和煅烧粘土。XRD和FTIR分析证实了粘土的高岭石性质。SEM数据显示在550°C煅烧后在粘土中形成层状结构。进行吸附试验以确定最佳吸附条件。批量吸附动力学证明了所有四种NSAIDs的快速吸附，在pH4时发生最高吸附(DIC，IBU,和KET)和PRC的pH6，使用浓度为20mgL-1的煅烧粘土。此外,伪二阶模型为所有NSAIDs吸附过程提供了最佳拟合。最大吸附能力,由朗缪尔模型确定，PRC为80毫克克-1，DIC为238mg-1g，138mgg-1用于IBU，KET为245毫克克-1。在固定床柱研究中，三个动态模型(托马斯，亚当斯-博哈特,和Yoon-Nelson)被用来描述突破曲线，线性回归用于识别工艺设计的关键特征。固定床柱吸附研究表明，DIC的去除率最高，为98%，而KET,IBU,中华人民共和国更加执着，去除率为77.1%，76.7%,和67.1%，分别。Thomas模型被认为适用于描述穿透曲线。这些发现为粘土和具有不同物理化学性质的药物之间的相互作用提供了有价值的见解。他们还提供有关吸附模型的信息，饱和度,以及各种药物对天然粘土的吸附能力，这对于进一步的研究和环境修复工作至关重要。
