Abstract：
Early work on selective attention used auditory-based tasks, such as dichotic listening, to shed light on capacity limitations and individual differences in these limitations. Today, there is great interest in individual differences in attentional abilities, but the field has shifted towards visual-modality tasks. Furthermore, most conflict-based tests of attention control lack reliability due to low signal-to-noise ratios and the use of difference scores. Critically, it is unclear to what extent attention control generalizes across sensory modalities, and without reliable auditory-based tests, an answer to this question will remain elusive. To this end, we developed three auditory-based tests of attention control that use an adaptive response deadline (DL) to account for speed-accuracy trade-offs: Auditory Simon DL, Auditory Flanker DL, and Auditory Stroop DL. In a large sample (N = 316), we investigated the psychometric properties of the three auditory conflict tasks, tested whether attention control is better modeled as a unitary factor or modality-specific factors, and estimated the extent to which unique variance in modality-specific factors contributed incrementally to the prediction of dichotic listening and multitasking performance. Our analyses indicated that the auditory conflict tasks have strong psychometric properties and demonstrate convergent validity with visual tests of attention control. Auditory and visual attention control factors were highly correlated (r = .81)-even after controlling for perceptual processing speed (r = .75). Modality-specific attention control factors accounted for unique variance in modality-matched criterion measures, but the majority of the explained variance was modality-general. The results suggest an interplay between modality-general attention control and modality-specific processing.
摘要：
早期关于选择性注意力的工作使用基于听觉的任务，比如二分法倾听，阐明容量限制和这些限制的个体差异。今天,人们对注意力能力的个体差异非常感兴趣，但是该领域已经转向视觉模态任务。此外，大多数基于冲突的注意力控制测试由于低信噪比和使用差异分数而缺乏可靠性。严重的,目前还不清楚注意力控制在多大程度上在感官模式中推广，如果没有可靠的基于听觉的测试，这个问题的答案仍然难以捉摸。为此,我们开发了三种基于听觉的注意力控制测试，这些测试使用自适应反应截止日期（DL）来解释速度-准确性权衡：听觉西蒙DL，听觉侧翼DL,和听觉StroopDL。在大样本(N=316)中，我们研究了三种听觉冲突任务的心理测量特性，测试注意力控制是更好地建模为单一因素还是模态特定因素，并估计了模态特定因素的独特差异对双耳听力和多任务处理性能的预测贡献的程度。我们的分析表明，听觉冲突任务具有很强的心理测量特性，并通过注意力控制的视觉测试证明了收敛的有效性。即使控制了感知处理速度（r=.75），听觉和视觉注意力控制因素也高度相关（r=.81）。模态特定的注意力控制因素占模态匹配标准度量的独特差异，但大部分解释的差异是模态一般。结果表明，模态一般注意力控制和模态特定处理之间存在相互作用。
