Abstract：
BACKGROUND: For the treatment of vascular adverse events caused by filler injections, duplex ultrasound imaging may be used. The findings of duplex ultrasound examination and the clinical features of reticulated livedoid skin patterns were compared with the hemifaces anatomy.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to link the reticulated livedoid skin patterns to the corresponding duplex ultrasound findings and the facial perforasomes.
METHODS: Duplex ultrasound imaging was used for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular adverse events. The clinical features and duplex ultrasound findings of 125 patients were investigated. Six cadaver hemifaces were examined to compare the typical livedo skin patterns with the vasculature of the face.
RESULTS: Clinically, the affected skin showed a similar reticulated pattern in each facial area corresponding with arterial anatomy and their perforators in the cadaver hemifaces. With duplex ultrasound, a disturbed microvascularization in the superficial fatty layer was visualized. After hyaluronidase injection, clinical improvement of the skin pattern was seen. Normalization of blood flow was noted accompanied by restoration of flow in the corresponding perforator artery. The skin patterns could be linked to the perforators of the superficial fat compartments.
CONCLUSIONS: The livedo skin patterns seen in vascular adverse events may reflect the involvement of the perforators.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to link the reticulated livedoid skin patterns to the corresponding duplex ultrasound findings and the facial perforasomes.
METHODS: Duplex ultrasound imaging was used for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular adverse events. The clinical features and duplex ultrasound findings of 125 patients were investigated. Six cadaver hemifaces were examined to compare the typical livedo skin patterns with the vasculature of the face.
RESULTS: Clinically, the affected skin showed a similar reticulated pattern in each facial area corresponding with arterial anatomy and their perforators in the cadaver hemifaces. With duplex ultrasound, a disturbed microvascularization in the superficial fatty layer was visualized. After hyaluronidase injection, clinical improvement of the skin pattern was seen. Normalization of blood flow was noted accompanied by restoration of flow in the corresponding perforator artery. The skin patterns could be linked to the perforators of the superficial fat compartments.
CONCLUSIONS: The livedo skin patterns seen in vascular adverse events may reflect the involvement of the perforators.
摘要：
背景：对于由填充剂注射引起的血管不良事件的治疗，可以使用双工超声成像。将双重超声检查的结果和网状livedoid皮肤模式的临床特征与半面解剖结构进行了比较。
目的：连接网状的livedoid皮肤模式，相应的双工超声检查结果和面部穿通体。
方法：双超声成像用于诊断和治疗血管不良事件。对125例患者的临床特征和双工超声检查结果进行了调查。检查了六个尸体半面，以将典型的livedo皮肤模式与面部脉管系统进行比较。
结果：临床，受影响的皮肤在每个面部区域显示出相似的网状图案，与尸体半面的动脉解剖结构及其穿孔器相对应。使用双工超声，可见浅表脂肪层中的微血管化受到干扰。透明质酸酶注射后，观察到皮肤模式的临床改善。观察到血流正常化，并伴随着相应穿支动脉的血流恢复。皮肤图案可以与表面脂肪隔室的穿孔器相关联。
结论：在血管不良事件中看到的livedo皮肤模式可能反映了穿孔器的受累。
目的：连接网状的livedoid皮肤模式，相应的双工超声检查结果和面部穿通体。
方法：双超声成像用于诊断和治疗血管不良事件。对125例患者的临床特征和双工超声检查结果进行了调查。检查了六个尸体半面，以将典型的livedo皮肤模式与面部脉管系统进行比较。
结果：临床，受影响的皮肤在每个面部区域显示出相似的网状图案，与尸体半面的动脉解剖结构及其穿孔器相对应。使用双工超声，可见浅表脂肪层中的微血管化受到干扰。透明质酸酶注射后，观察到皮肤模式的临床改善。观察到血流正常化，并伴随着相应穿支动脉的血流恢复。皮肤图案可以与表面脂肪隔室的穿孔器相关联。
结论：在血管不良事件中看到的livedo皮肤模式可能反映了穿孔器的受累。
