Abstract：
The presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is responsible for water quality deterioration and a possible source of public health risks. Different factors impact the biological stability of drinking water (DW) in the distribution networks, such as the presence and concentration of nutrients, water temperature, pipe material composition, hydrodynamic conditions, and levels of disinfectant residual. This review aimed to evaluate the current state of knowledge on strategies for DW biofilm disinfection through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the literature published over the last decade. A systematic review method was performed on the 562 journal articles identified through database searching on Web of Science and Scopus, with 85 studies selected for detailed analysis. A variety of disinfectants were identified for DW biofilm control such as chlorine, chloramine, UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and others at a lower frequency, namely, electrolyzed water, bacteriophages, silver ions, and nanoparticles. The disinfectants can impact the microbial communities within biofilms, reduce the number of culturable cells and biofilm biomass, as well as interfere with the biofilm matrix components. The maintenance of an effective residual concentration in the water guarantees long-term prevention of biofilm formation and improves the inactivation of detached biofilm-associated opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, strategies based on multi-barrier processes by optimization of primary and secondary disinfection combined with other water treatment methods improve the control of opportunistic pathogens, reduce the chlorine-tolerance of biofilm-embedded cells, as well as decrease the corrosion rate in metal-based pipelines. Most of the studies used benchtop laboratory devices for biofilm research. Even though these devices mimic the conditions found in real DWDS, future investigations on strategies for DW biofilm control should include the validity of the promising strategies against biofilms formed in real DW networks.
摘要：
饮用水分配系统（DWDS）中生物膜的存在是水质恶化的原因，也是公共卫生风险的可能来源。不同因素影响分配网络中饮用水（DW）的生物稳定性，例如营养素的存在和浓度，水温,管材成分,水动力条件,和消毒剂残留的水平。这篇综述旨在通过对过去十年发表的文献进行定性和定量分析，评估有关DW生物膜消毒策略的知识现状。对通过WebofScience和Scopus上的数据库搜索确定的562篇期刊文章进行了系统的审查方法，选择85项研究进行详细分析。确定了多种消毒剂用于DW生物膜控制，例如氯，氯胺，紫外线照射，过氧化氢,二氧化氯,臭氧,和其他人以较低的频率，即,电解水,噬菌体,银离子,和纳米粒子。消毒剂可以影响生物膜内的微生物群落，减少可培养细胞和生物膜生物量的数量，以及干扰生物膜基质成分。水中有效残留浓度的维持保证了生物膜形成的长期预防,并改善了分离的生物膜相关机会病原体的灭活。此外,基于多屏障工艺的策略，通过优化一级和二级消毒与其他水处理方法相结合，提高了对机会性病原体的控制，降低生物膜嵌入细胞的耐氯性，以及降低金属基管道的腐蚀速率。大多数研究使用台式实验室设备进行生物膜研究。即使这些设备模仿了实际DWDS中的条件，对DW生物膜控制策略的未来研究应包括针对真实DW网络中形成的生物膜的有希望的策略的有效性。
