Abstract：
Objectives. The unique properties of nanomaterials have turned them into an emerging threat for humans and the environment. This study therefore aimed to review exposure control measures proposed for nanomaterial-involved activities. Methods. This study is based on the published guidelines of different organizations on safe handling of nanomaterials. The search for documents was provided using the keywords \'Exposure controls\', \'Good practices\', \'Working safely\', \'Safe practices\', \'Handling safely\', \'Safety guide\' and \'Safety and health\', combined with \'Nanomaterials\', \'Nanotechnology\' and \'Nanoparticles\' on different databases and websites. Results. Thirty-one guidelines from 27 organizations were included. Most of the guidelines recommended engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment (PPE). Changing the physical form of nanomaterials or the process, using prevention through design (PtD) and using green chemistry principals were other suggestions to reduce exposure to nanomaterials. Conclusions. Considering the difficulty of implementation and case specificity of the solutions of the first two priorities of the hierarchy of controls (elimination and substitution), the emphasis of the guidelines on the next three priorities for controlling exposure to nanomaterials is understood. The type and method of using PPE and engineering controls should be resolved by referring to cutting-edge articles.
摘要：
■纳米材料的独特特性使它们成为对人类和环境的新兴威胁。所以,本研究的目的是回顾针对纳米材料相关活动提出的暴露控制措施.
■本研究基于不同组织发布的有关纳米材料安全处理的指南。使用“曝光控件”搜索提供的文档，\"良好做法\",\"安全工作\",\"安全做法\",\"安全处理\",\"安全指南\",和“安全与健康”，结合“纳米材料”，“纳米技术”，以及不同数据库和网站上的“纳米粒子”关键字。
■包括27个组织的31条指南。大多数指南推荐工程控制，行政控制和个人防护设备(PPE)。改变纳米材料的物理形式或过程，通过设计预防（PtD）和使用绿色化学原理是减少纳米材料暴露的其他建议。
■考虑到控制层次结构（消除和替代）的前两个优先事项的解决方案的实施难度和案例特异性，我们理解指南对控制纳米材料暴露的下三个优先事项的强调。使用PPE和工程控制的类型和方式应通过参考前沿文件来解决。
■本研究基于不同组织发布的有关纳米材料安全处理的指南。使用“曝光控件”搜索提供的文档，\"良好做法\",\"安全工作\",\"安全做法\",\"安全处理\",\"安全指南\",和“安全与健康”，结合“纳米材料”，“纳米技术”，以及不同数据库和网站上的“纳米粒子”关键字。
■包括27个组织的31条指南。大多数指南推荐工程控制，行政控制和个人防护设备(PPE)。改变纳米材料的物理形式或过程，通过设计预防（PtD）和使用绿色化学原理是减少纳米材料暴露的其他建议。
■考虑到控制层次结构（消除和替代）的前两个优先事项的解决方案的实施难度和案例特异性，我们理解指南对控制纳米材料暴露的下三个优先事项的强调。使用PPE和工程控制的类型和方式应通过参考前沿文件来解决。
