Abstract：
This review covers updated perspectives on different aspects of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP), including the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, antibiotic treatment, and existing preventive strategies in older adults.
pCAP remains the most prevalent condition among lower respiratory tract infections in the older adults according to Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Older adults can display atypical symptoms such as confusion, general clinical deterioration, new onset of and exacerbation of underlying illness that might trigger clinical suspicion of pCAP. Older adults with pCAP often experience increased disease severity and a higher risk of pulmonary complications compared with younger individuals, owing to age-related changes in immunity and a higher prevalence of comorbidities. Vaccination stands fundamental for prevention, emphasizing the need for effective immunization strategies, specifically tailored for older adults. There is a pressing need to reinforce efforts aimed at boosting pneumococcal vaccination rates.
Despite a high morbidity and mortality, the burden of pCAP, in particular hospital admission and occurrence of invasive infections, among the elderly population is not sufficiently documented. This review findings emphasize the substantial burden of pCAP in this vulnerable population, driven by factors such as advancing age and underlying comorbidities. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains further complicates treatment decisions and highlights the importance of tailored approaches for managing pCAP in older adults.
pCAP remains the most prevalent condition among lower respiratory tract infections in the older adults according to Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Older adults can display atypical symptoms such as confusion, general clinical deterioration, new onset of and exacerbation of underlying illness that might trigger clinical suspicion of pCAP. Older adults with pCAP often experience increased disease severity and a higher risk of pulmonary complications compared with younger individuals, owing to age-related changes in immunity and a higher prevalence of comorbidities. Vaccination stands fundamental for prevention, emphasizing the need for effective immunization strategies, specifically tailored for older adults. There is a pressing need to reinforce efforts aimed at boosting pneumococcal vaccination rates.
Despite a high morbidity and mortality, the burden of pCAP, in particular hospital admission and occurrence of invasive infections, among the elderly population is not sufficiently documented. This review findings emphasize the substantial burden of pCAP in this vulnerable population, driven by factors such as advancing age and underlying comorbidities. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains further complicates treatment decisions and highlights the importance of tailored approaches for managing pCAP in older adults.
摘要：
目的：本综述涵盖了肺炎球菌社区获得性肺炎（pCAP）不同方面的最新观点，包括流行病学,临床表现,危险因素，抗生素治疗,以及老年人现有的预防策略。
结果：根据《2019年全球疾病负担》，pCAP仍然是老年人下呼吸道感染中最普遍的疾病。老年人可以表现出不典型的症状，如意识模糊，一般临床恶化，可能引发临床怀疑pCAP的潜在疾病的新发和恶化。与年轻人相比，患有pCAP的老年人通常会经历疾病严重程度增加和肺部并发症的风险更高。由于与年龄相关的免疫力变化和较高的合并症患病率。接种疫苗是预防的基础，强调需要有效的免疫策略，专为老年人量身定制。迫切需要加强旨在提高肺炎球菌疫苗接种率的努力。
结论：尽管发病率和死亡率很高，pCAP的负担，特别是入院和侵袭性感染的发生，老年人群中没有充分的记录。这篇综述的发现强调了pCAP在这一弱势群体中的沉重负担，受年龄增长和潜在合并症等因素的驱动。抗生素抗性肺炎球菌菌株的出现进一步使治疗决策复杂化，并突出了针对老年人管理pCAP的定制方法的重要性。
结果：根据《2019年全球疾病负担》，pCAP仍然是老年人下呼吸道感染中最普遍的疾病。老年人可以表现出不典型的症状，如意识模糊，一般临床恶化，可能引发临床怀疑pCAP的潜在疾病的新发和恶化。与年轻人相比，患有pCAP的老年人通常会经历疾病严重程度增加和肺部并发症的风险更高。由于与年龄相关的免疫力变化和较高的合并症患病率。接种疫苗是预防的基础，强调需要有效的免疫策略，专为老年人量身定制。迫切需要加强旨在提高肺炎球菌疫苗接种率的努力。
结论：尽管发病率和死亡率很高，pCAP的负担，特别是入院和侵袭性感染的发生，老年人群中没有充分的记录。这篇综述的发现强调了pCAP在这一弱势群体中的沉重负担，受年龄增长和潜在合并症等因素的驱动。抗生素抗性肺炎球菌菌株的出现进一步使治疗决策复杂化，并突出了针对老年人管理pCAP的定制方法的重要性。
