Abstract：
The pollution of seawater by both biotic (bacteria, viruses) and abiotic contaminants (biocides, pharmaceutical residues) frequently leads to economic losses in aquaculture activities mostly mortality events caused by microbial infection. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) such as heterogeneous photocatalysis allow the removal of all organic contaminants present in water and therefore could reduce production losses in land-based farms. Oysters in land-based farms such as hatcheries and nurseries suffer from a large number of mortality events, resulting in significant losses. If photocatalysis has been widely studied for the decontamination, its application for disinfection is still overlooked, especially on seawater for viruses. We therefore studied seawater disinfection using the photocatalysis (UV365/TiO2) method in the context of Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS). POMS has been defined as a polymicrobial disease involving an initial viral infection with Ostreid Herpes Virus 1, accompanied by multiple bacterial infections. We investigated the impact of treatment on Vibrio harveyi, a unique opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, and on a complex microbial community reflecting a natural POMS event. Viral inactivation was monitored using experimental infections to determine whether viral particles were still infectious after. Changes in the total bacterial community in seawater were studied by comparing UV365/TiO2 treatment with UV365-irradiated seawater and untreated seawater. In the case of OsHV-1, a 2-h photocatalytic treatment prevents POMS disease and oyster mortality. The same treatment also inactivates 80% of viable Vibrio harveyi culture (c.a. 1.5 log). Since OsHV-1 and Vibrio harveyi are effectively inactivated without long-term destabilization of the total bacterial microbiota in the seawater, photocatalysis appears to be a relevant alternative for disinfecting seawater in land-based oyster beds.
摘要：
两种生物(细菌，病毒)和非生物污染物(杀生物剂，药物残留）经常导致水产养殖活动中的经济损失，主要是由微生物感染引起的死亡事件。高级氧化工艺（AOP），如非均相光催化，可以去除水中存在的所有有机污染物，因此可以减少陆基农场的生产损失。孵化场,苗圃等陆上养殖场的牡蛎遭受大量死亡事件,造成重大损失。如果光催化已被广泛研究用于净化，它在消毒中的应用仍然被忽视，尤其是海水中的病毒。因此，我们在太平洋牡蛎死亡率综合症（POMS）的背景下使用光催化（UV365/TiO2）方法研究了海水消毒。POMS已被定义为一种多微生物疾病，涉及最初的链球菌疱疹病毒1病毒感染，并伴有多种细菌感染。我们调查了治疗对哈氏弧菌的影响，一种独特的机会致病菌，以及反映自然POMS事件的复杂微生物群落。使用实验感染监测病毒失活,以确定病毒颗粒之后是否仍具有感染性。通过比较UV365/TiO2处理与UV365辐照的海水和未经处理的海水，研究了海水中总细菌群落的变化。在OsHV-1的情况下，2小时的光催化处理可预防POMS疾病和牡蛎死亡率。相同的处理也使80%的活哈氏弧菌培养物失活(约1.5log)。由于OsHV-1和哈维氏弧菌被有效灭活，海水中的总细菌菌群不会长期不稳定，光催化似乎是陆地牡蛎床中海水消毒的相关替代方法。
