PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Even today when nearly 80 years have passed after the atomic bomb (A-bomb) was dropped, there are still debates about the exact doses received by the A-bomb survivors. While initial airborne kerma radiation (or energy spectrum of emitted radiation) can be measured with sufficient accuracy to assess the radiation dose to A-bomb survivors, it is not easy to accurately assess the neutron dose including appropriate weighting of neutron absorbed dose. Particularly, possible post-explosion exposure due to the radioactive particles generated through neutron activation have been almost neglected so far, mainly because of a large uncertainty associated to the behavior of those particles. However, it has been supposed that contribution of such non-initial radiation exposure from the neutron-induced radioactive particles could be significant, according to the findings that the stable chromosomal aberration rates which indicate average whole-body radiation doses were found to be more than 30% higher for those exposed indoors than for those outdoors even at the same initial dose estimated for the Life Span Study. In this Mini Review article, the authors explain that such apparently controversial observations can be reasonably explained by assuming a higher production rate of neutron-induced radioactive particles in the indoor environment near the hypocenter.
摘要：
即使在原子弹（A-bomb）投下近80年过去的今天，关于A炸弹幸存者接受的确切剂量仍然存在争议。虽然可以足够准确地测量初始空气中的角膜辐射（或发射辐射的能谱），以评估对炸弹幸存者的辐射剂量，要准确评估中子剂量，包括适当加权中子吸收剂量，并不容易。特别是,到目前为止，由于中子活化产生的放射性粒子可能导致的爆炸后暴露几乎被忽略，主要是因为这些粒子的行为存在很大的不确定性。然而,据推测，这种来自中子诱导的放射性粒子的非初始辐射暴露的贡献可能是巨大的，根据调查结果，即使在寿命研究估计的相同初始剂量下，室内暴露的人的平均全身辐射剂量也比室外暴露的人高30％以上。在这篇迷你评论文章中，作者解释说，通过假设震源附近的室内环境中中子诱发放射性粒子的生产率较高，可以合理地解释这种明显有争议的观测结果。
