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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Rhododendron pudingense, firstly discovered in Puding county of Guizhou province in 2020, have adapted to living in rocky fissure habitat, which has important ornamental and economic values. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of this species have been rarely described, which seriously affects the collection and protection of wild germplasm resources.
RESULTS: In the present study, 13 pairs of primers for polymorphic microsatellite were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 65 R. pudingense accessions from six different geographic populations. A total of 254 alleles (Na) were obtained with an average of 19.5 alleles per locus. The average values of polymorphic information content (PIC), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.8826, 0.4501, and 0.8993, respectively, These results indicate that the microsatellite primers adopted demonstrate good polymorphism, and the R. pudingense exhibits a high level of genetic diversity at the species level. The average genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) was 0.1325, suggested that moderate divergence occurred in R. pudingense populations. The average values of genetic differentiation coefficient and gene flow among populations were 0.1165 and 3.1281, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the population differences (88%) were attributed to within-population variation. The PCoA results are consistent with the findings of the UPGMA clustering analysis, supporting the conclusion that the six populations of R. pudingense can be clearly grouped into two separate clusters. Based on Mantel analysis, we speculate that the PD population may have migrated from WM-1 and WM-2. Therefore, it is advised to protect the natural habitat of R. pudingense in situ as much as possible, in order to maximize the preservation of its genetic diversity.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comprehensive analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of R. pudingense in Guizhou province. The research results revealed the high genetic diversity and moderate population diferentiation in this horticulture plant. This study provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of wild resources of the R. pudingense and lay the foundation for the breeding or cultivation of this new species.
RESULTS: In the present study, 13 pairs of primers for polymorphic microsatellite were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 65 R. pudingense accessions from six different geographic populations. A total of 254 alleles (Na) were obtained with an average of 19.5 alleles per locus. The average values of polymorphic information content (PIC), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.8826, 0.4501, and 0.8993, respectively, These results indicate that the microsatellite primers adopted demonstrate good polymorphism, and the R. pudingense exhibits a high level of genetic diversity at the species level. The average genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) was 0.1325, suggested that moderate divergence occurred in R. pudingense populations. The average values of genetic differentiation coefficient and gene flow among populations were 0.1165 and 3.1281, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the population differences (88%) were attributed to within-population variation. The PCoA results are consistent with the findings of the UPGMA clustering analysis, supporting the conclusion that the six populations of R. pudingense can be clearly grouped into two separate clusters. Based on Mantel analysis, we speculate that the PD population may have migrated from WM-1 and WM-2. Therefore, it is advised to protect the natural habitat of R. pudingense in situ as much as possible, in order to maximize the preservation of its genetic diversity.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comprehensive analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of R. pudingense in Guizhou province. The research results revealed the high genetic diversity and moderate population diferentiation in this horticulture plant. This study provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of wild resources of the R. pudingense and lay the foundation for the breeding or cultivation of this new species.
摘要：
背景：杜鹃花，于2020年在贵州省普定县首次发现，已适应生活在岩石裂隙栖息地，具有重要的观赏和经济价值。然而,该物种的遗传多样性和种群结构很少被描述，严重影响野生种质资源的收集和保护。
结果：在本研究中，使用13对多态性微卫星引物研究了来自六个不同地理种群的65个R.pudingense种质的遗传多样性。总共获得254个等位基因(Na),每个基因座平均19.5个等位基因。多态信息含量(PIC)的平均值，观测杂合性(Ho)，和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.8826、0.4501和0.8993,这些结果表明所采用的微卫星引物具有良好的多态性,普丁安斯在物种水平上表现出很高的遗传多样性。平均遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.1325，表明普丁香种群发生了中度分歧。群体间遗传分化系数和基因流量的平均值分别为0.1165和3.1281。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明，大多数种群差异（88％）归因于种群内变异。PCoA结果与UPGMA聚类分析的结果一致，支持R.pudingense的六个种群可以清楚地分为两个单独的集群的结论。根据Mantel分析,我们推测PD人群可能已经从WM-1和WM-2迁移。因此,建议尽可能保护普丁恩斯的自然栖息地，以最大限度地保护其遗传多样性。
结论：这是对贵州省普定势的遗传多样性和种群结构的首次综合分析。研究结果表明，该园艺植物具有较高的遗传多样性和中等的种群差异。本研究为普丁香野生资源的保护提供了理论依据,为该新品种的选育或培育奠定了基础。
结果：在本研究中，使用13对多态性微卫星引物研究了来自六个不同地理种群的65个R.pudingense种质的遗传多样性。总共获得254个等位基因(Na),每个基因座平均19.5个等位基因。多态信息含量(PIC)的平均值，观测杂合性(Ho)，和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.8826、0.4501和0.8993,这些结果表明所采用的微卫星引物具有良好的多态性,普丁安斯在物种水平上表现出很高的遗传多样性。平均遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.1325，表明普丁香种群发生了中度分歧。群体间遗传分化系数和基因流量的平均值分别为0.1165和3.1281。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明，大多数种群差异（88％）归因于种群内变异。PCoA结果与UPGMA聚类分析的结果一致，支持R.pudingense的六个种群可以清楚地分为两个单独的集群的结论。根据Mantel分析,我们推测PD人群可能已经从WM-1和WM-2迁移。因此,建议尽可能保护普丁恩斯的自然栖息地，以最大限度地保护其遗传多样性。
结论：这是对贵州省普定势的遗传多样性和种群结构的首次综合分析。研究结果表明，该园艺植物具有较高的遗传多样性和中等的种群差异。本研究为普丁香野生资源的保护提供了理论依据,为该新品种的选育或培育奠定了基础。
