UNASSIGNED: Fish were exposed to air for different hours (up to 18 h) against an appropriate control, and ARO and gills were sampled. The levels of oxygen saturation in the body of the fish were assessed at various intervals during exposure to air. Protein carbonylation (PC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were used as OS markers, H2O2 as ROS marker, and various enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), along with the assessment of complex enzymes (I, II, III, and V) as well as the levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and the reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified in both the tissues.
UNASSIGNED: Discriminant function analyses indicate a clear separation of the variables as a function of the studied parameters. The gills exhibited higher levels of GSH and H2O2 compared to ARO, while ARO showed elevated levels of PC, TBARS, AA, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities compared to the gills. The activities of GR and ETC enzymes exhibited similar levels in both the respiratory organs, namely the gills, and ARO. These organs experienced OS due to increased H2O2, TBARS, and PC levels, as observed during WDIHS. Under WDIHS conditions, the activity/level of CAT, GPx, GR, and GSH decreased in ARO, while SOD activity, along with GR, GSH, and AA levels decreased in gills. However, the activity/level of SOD and AA in ARO and CAT in gills was elevated under WDIHS. Complex II exhibited a positive correlation with WDIHS, while the other ETC enzymes (complex I, III, and V) activities had negative correlations with the WDIHS.
UNASSIGNED: The finding suggests that ARO is more susceptible to OS than gills under WDIHS. Despite both organs employ distinct redox regulatory systems to counteract this stress, their effectiveness is hampered by the inadequacy of small redox regulatory molecules and the compromised activity of the ETC, impeding their ability to effectively alleviate the stress induced by the water-deprivation condition.
■与适当的对照相比,鱼暴露于空气中不同的小时(最多18小时)。并对ARO和g进行了采样。在暴露于空气的过程中,以不同的间隔评估了鱼体内的氧饱和度。蛋白质羰基化(PC)和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质(TBARS)用作OS标记,H2O2作为ROS标记,和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的各种酶活性,过氧化氢酶(CAT),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx),谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR),随着复杂酶的评估(I,II,III,和V)以及在两个组织中定量抗坏血酸(AA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平。
■判别函数分析表明,作为所研究参数的函数,变量有明显的分离。与ARO相比,g表现出更高的GSH和H2O2水平,虽然ARO显示PC水平升高,TBARS,AA,SOD,CAT,和GPx活动与g相比。GR和ETC酶的活性在两个呼吸器官中表现出相似的水平,也就是ill,和阿罗。由于H2O2,TBARS增加,这些器官经历了OS,和PC级别,正如在WDIHS期间观察到的那样。在WDIHS条件下,CAT的活动/水平,GPx,GR,ARO中GSH下降,而SOD活性,和GR一起,GSH,g中AA水平下降。然而,在WDIHS下,ARO和g中CAT的活性/水平升高。复合物II与WDIHS呈正相关,而其他ETC酶(复合物I,III,和V)活动与WDIHS呈负相关。
■该发现表明,在WDIHS下,ARO比g更容易受到OS的影响。尽管两个器官都采用不同的氧化还原调节系统来抵消这种压力,它们的有效性受到小氧化还原调节分子不足和ETC活性受损的阻碍,阻碍他们有效缓解缺水条件引起的压力的能力。