Abstract：
Traditional crop breeding techniques are not quickly boosting yields to fulfill the expanding population needs. Long crop lifespans hinder the ability of plant breeding to develop superior crop varieties. Due to the arduous crossing, selecting, and challenging processes, it can take decades to establish new varieties with desired agronomic traits. Develop new plant varieties instantly to reduce hunger and improve food security. As a result of the adoption of conventional agricultural techniques, crop genetic diversity has decreased over time. Several traditional and molecular techniques, such as genetic selection, mutant breeding, somaclonal variation, genome-wide association studies, and others, have improved agronomic traits associated with agricultural plant productivity, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, modern genome editing approaches based on programmable nucleases, CRISPR, and Cas9 proteins have escorted an exciting new era of plant breeding. Plant breeders and scientists worldwide rely on cutting-edge techniques like quick breeding, genome editing tools, and high-throughput phenotyping to boost crop breeding output. This review compiles discoveries in numerous areas of crop breeding, such as using genome editing tools to accelerate the breeding process and create yearly crop generations with the desired features, to describe the shift from conventional to modern plant breeding techniques.
摘要：
传统的作物育种技术无法迅速提高产量以满足不断增长的人口需求。长的作物寿命阻碍了植物育种开发优良作物品种的能力。由于艰苦的穿越，选择,和具有挑战性的过程，建立具有所需农艺性状的新品种可能需要几十年的时间。立即开发新的植物品种，以减少饥饿并改善粮食安全。由于采用了传统的农业技术，作物遗传多样性随着时间的推移而下降。几种传统和分子技术，比如遗传选择，突变育种,体细胞克隆变异，全基因组关联研究，和其他人,改善了与农业植物生产力相关的农艺性状，质量,以及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。此外,基于可编程核酸酶的现代基因组编辑方法，CRISPR,Cas9蛋白为植物育种开辟了一个令人兴奋的新时代。全世界的植物育种者和科学家都依赖快速育种等尖端技术，基因组编辑工具，和高通量表型鉴定，以提高作物育种产量。这篇综述汇编了许多作物育种领域的发现，例如使用基因组编辑工具来加速育种过程，并每年创造具有所需特征的作物世代，描述从传统植物育种技术到现代植物育种技术的转变。
