Abstract：
Image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) encompasses the taking, sharing, and/or threatening to share nude or sexual images of others without their consent. The prevalence of IBSA is growing rapidly due to technological advancements, such as access to smartphones, that have made engagement in such activities easier. Bystanders offer an important means of intervention, but little is known about what facilitates or inhibits bystander action in these contexts. To address this gap in the literature, seven focus groups (n = 35) were conducted to explore the factors that facilitate and inhibit bystander action in the context of three different IBSA scenarios (taking, sharing, and making threats to share nude or sexual images without consent). Using thematic analysis, eight themes were identified, suggesting that the perceived likelihood of intervention increased with greater feelings of responsibility, empathy with the victim, reduced feelings of audience inhibition, greater feelings of safety, greater anger toward the IBSA behavior, closer relationships with the victim and perpetrator, the incident involving a female victim and male perpetrator, and perception of greater benefits of police involvement. These findings are considered alongside the physical sexual violence literature in highlighting the similarities and nuances across the different contexts. Implications for the development of policies and educational materials are discussed in relation to encouraging greater bystander intervention in IBSA contexts.
摘要：
基于图像的性虐待（IBSA）包括采取，分享,和/或威胁在未经他人同意的情况下分享他人的裸体或性形象。由于技术进步，IBSA的流行正在迅速增长，比如智能手机，这使得参与此类活动变得更加容易。旁观者提供了一种重要的干预手段，但是在这些情况下，对促进或抑制旁观者行动的因素知之甚少。为了解决文献中的这一差距，进行了七个焦点小组(n=35)，以探索在三种不同IBSA情景(采取，分享,并在未经同意的情况下威胁分享裸体或性图像)。使用主题分析，确定了八个主题，这表明干预的可能性随着责任感的增强而增加，同情受害者，减少观众的抑制感，更大的安全感，对IBSA行为的更大愤怒，与受害者和犯罪者的关系更加密切，事件涉及一名女性受害者和一名男性肇事者，以及对警察参与的更大好处的看法。这些发现与身体性暴力文献一起考虑，突出了不同背景下的相似性和细微差别。讨论了在IBSA背景下鼓励更多的旁观者干预对制定政策和教育材料的影响。
