PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
(1) Background: This study examines the effects of a 6-week swimming intervention on motor competence in children. (2) Methods: A total of 107 children (n = 52 boys, n = 55 girls) aged 7.8 ± 0.63 years that were recruited from five primary schools in central England participated in this study, undertaking either an aquatic intervention once a week for six weeks or acting as a control group completing their usual physical education program. Participants underwent pre- and post-assessments of general motor competence using the Test of Gross Motor Development, Third Edition (TGMD-3) (a process measure) and a composite of 10 m running sprint time and standing long jump distance (product measures). Aquatic motor competence was assessed via the Aquatic Movement Protocol (AMP). Fear of drowning and swimming opportunities were also assessed by implementing a questionnaire. (3) Results: Following a mixed-model ANOVA, an overall main effect was found from pre (40.05 ± 13.6) to post (48.3 ± 18.6) for TGMD-3 scores (p < 0.05) and pre (38.7 ± 31.7) to post (50.6 ± 36.8) for AMP scores (p = 0.001). A negative significant relationship was found between AMP scores with both fear of water (p = 0.01) and fear of drowning (p < 0.05). A positive significant relationship was found between swimming opportunities and AMP score (p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The aquatic-based intervention improves not only aquatic motor competence but also transfers improvements in dryland movement competencies. Future research should look to implement control groupings which do not participate in swimming to further investigate the difference between swimmers and non-swimmers; however, due to swimming being a part of the national curriculum in England, this may not be feasible.
摘要：
（1）背景：本研究考察了6周游泳干预对儿童运动能力的影响。(2)方法：共107名儿童(n=52名男孩，n=55名从英格兰中部五所小学招募的7.8±0.63岁的女孩参加了这项研究，进行为期六周的每周一次的水生干预或作为对照组完成他们通常的体育课程。参与者使用总体运动发展测试对一般运动能力进行了前后评估，第三版（TGMD-3）（一种过程措施）和10m跑步冲刺时间和站立跳远距离（产品措施）的组合。通过水生运动方案（AMP）评估了水生运动能力。还通过实施问卷调查来评估对溺水和游泳机会的恐惧。(3)结果：在混合模型方差分析之后，从TGMD-3评分的前(40.05±13.6)到后(48.3±18.6)(p<0.05),从AMP评分的前(38.7±31.7)到后(50.6±36.8)(p=0.001),发现总体主要效应。在对水的恐惧（p=0.01）和对溺水的恐惧（p<0.05）的AMP评分之间发现负相关。发现游泳机会与AMP评分之间存在正相关（p=0.001）。（4）结论：基于水生的干预不仅可以提高水生运动能力，而且可以提高旱地运动能力。未来的研究应着眼于实施不参与游泳的控制组，以进一步研究游泳者和非游泳者之间的差异；但是，由于游泳是英格兰国家课程的一部分，这可能不可行。
