Abstract：
Human activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China\'s primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species\' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7-4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1-0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30-50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China\'s National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship.
摘要：
人类活动和气候变化影响生物多样性并导致物种范围变化，收缩，和扩张。全球范围内,人类活动和气候变化已经成为对生物多样性的持续威胁，导致大约68%的~522灵长类物种面临灭绝的威胁。这里,我们使用了栖息地适宜性模型和人口密度的综合数据，国内生产总值(GDP)，道路建设,归一化植被指数(NDVI)，保护区(PA)的位置，和气候变化来预测中国26种灵长类动物的分布范围和丰富度的潜在变化。我们的结果表明，PAs和NDVI对灵长类动物的分布都有积极的影响。随着人为压力的增加，物种范围仅限于高植被覆盖区域和被2.7-4.5km缓冲区包围的PA，以及距PA最近边缘至少0.1-0.5km的PA核心区域。国内生产总值低于中国全国平均水平10万元的地区被发现生态脆弱，这对灵长类动物的分布产生了负面影响。温度和降水的变化也是灵长类动物种类减少的重要原因。在未来30-50年气候变化的预期影响下，我们发现，非常适合灵长类动物的栖息地将继续减少，物种将被限制在其当前范围内更小，更外围的部分。预计灵长类动物多样性高的地区将减少3至7种。我们建议立即采取行动，包括扩大中国国家公园计划，生态保护红线计划，和天然林保护计划，以及更强有力的国家政策，为邻近灵长类动物的当地社区的人们提供替代/可持续的生计，抵消人为活动和气候变化对灵长类动物生存的有害影响。
