Abstract：
Immune system imbalances contribute to the pathogenesis of several different diseases, and immunotherapy shows great therapeutic efficacy against tumours and infectious diseases with immune-mediated derivations. In recent years, molecules targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint have attracted much attention, and related signalling pathways have been studied clearly. At present, several inhibitors and antibodies targeting PD-1 have been utilized as anti-tumour therapies. However, increasing evidence indicates that PD-1 blockade also has different degrees of adverse side effects, and these new explorations into the therapeutic safety of PD-1 inhibitors contribute to the emerging concept that immune normalization, rather than immune enhancement, is the ultimate goal of disease treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in PD-1 research with regard to immune normalization and targeted therapy.
摘要：
免疫系统失衡有助于几种不同疾病的发病机理，免疫疗法对免疫介导的肿瘤和感染性疾病显示出巨大的治疗效果。近年来,针对程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)免疫检查点的分子备受关注,和相关的信号通路已经被研究清楚。目前,一些靶向PD-1的抑制剂和抗体已被用作抗肿瘤治疗.然而,越来越多的证据表明PD-1阻断也有不同程度的不良副作用，这些对PD-1抑制剂治疗安全性的新探索有助于免疫正常化这一新兴概念，而不是免疫增强，是疾病治疗的最终目标。在这次审查中,我们总结了PD-1在免疫正常化和靶向治疗方面的研究进展.
