{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: PD-1: A critical player and target for immune normalization.
{Author}: Liu X;Zhao A;Xiao S;Li H;Li M;Guo W;Han Q;
{Journal}: Immunology
{Volume}: 172
{Issue}: 2
{Year}: 2024 Jun 25
{Factor}: 7.215
{DOI}: 10.1111/imm.13755
{Abstract}: Immune system imbalances contribute to the pathogenesis of several different diseases, and immunotherapy shows great therapeutic efficacy against tumours and infectious diseases with immune-mediated derivations. In recent years, molecules targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint have attracted much attention, and related signalling pathways have been studied clearly. At present, several inhibitors and antibodies targeting PD-1 have been utilized as anti-tumour therapies. However, increasing evidence indicates that PD-1 blockade also has different degrees of adverse side effects, and these new explorations into the therapeutic safety of PD-1 inhibitors contribute to the emerging concept that immune normalization, rather than immune enhancement, is the ultimate goal of disease treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in PD-1 research with regard to immune normalization and targeted therapy.