Abstract：
Creosote has been used in Sweden as a wood preservative in buildings since the 19th century. These buildings can function as workplaces, homes, and cultural buildings to which the public has access. Creosote contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are well known carcinogens. To understand exposure and risks in an indoor environment, it is important to determine air levels of parent PAHs as well as the more toxic nitrated and oxygenated PAH derivatives (NPAH, OPAH). This study aims to investigate indoor air levels of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) e.g., PAH, NPAH, OPAH and dibenzothiophenes in buildings containing creosote sources and whether these levels pose a health risk. Four cultural buildings were studied, all located within a radius of 130 m. Two were known to have creosote sources, and two had not. Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were used to indicate possible point sources. PUF-PAS measurements were performed for one month in each building winter and summer. Simultaneously, PAC outdoor level measurements were performed. Buildings with creosote impregnated constructions had notably higher indoor air levels of PAC (31-1200 ng m-3) compared to the two buildings without creosote sources (14-45 ng m-3). The PAH cancer potency (sum of benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (BaPeq)) was more than one order of magnitude higher in the buildings containing creosote impregnated wood compared to reference buildings. The highest value was 5.1 BaPeq ng m-3 which was significantly higher than the outdoor winter measurement (1.3 BaPeq ng m-3). Fluoranthene and phenanthrene, with significant distribution in gas phase, but also several particulate NPAHs contributed significantly to the total cancer risk. Thus, creosote containing buildings can still contaminate the indoor air with PACs despite being over a hundred years old. The PUF-PAS was shown to be a good tool providing quantitative/semiquantitative measures of PACs exposure in indoor microenvironments.
摘要：
自19世纪以来，杂酚一直在瑞典用作建筑物中的木材防腐剂。这些建筑可以用作工作场所和住宅，还有公众可以进入的文化建筑。杂酚油含有多环芳烃（PAH），这是众所周知的致癌物。为了了解室内环境中的暴露和风险，重要的是要确定母体PAHs的空气水平以及更有毒的硝化和氧化的PAH衍生物（NPAH，OPAH)。本研究旨在调查多环芳烃化合物(PAC)的室内空气水平，例如，PAH,NPAH,含有杂酚油来源的建筑物中的OPAH和二苯并噻吩，以及这些水平是否构成健康风险。研究了四座文化建筑，全部位于130米半径内。已知有两个杂酚油来源，两个没有。聚氨酯泡沫被动空气采样器（PUF-PAS）用于指示可能的点源。PUF-PAS测量在每个建筑物冬季和夏季进行一个月。同时,进行PAC室外水平测量。与没有杂酚油来源的两座建筑物（14-45ngm-3）相比，具有杂酚油浸渍结构的建筑物的PAC室内空气水平明显更高（31-1200ngm-3）。与参考建筑物相比，含有杂酚油浸渍木材的建筑物中的PAH癌症效力（苯并[a]芘当量（BaPeq）的总和）高出一个数量级以上。最高值为5.1BaPeqngm-3，显着高于室外冬季测量值（1.3BaPeqngm-3）。氟蒽和菲，在气相中有显著的分布，而且一些颗粒状NPAHs对总癌症风险也有显著贡献。因此，含有杂酚油的建筑物尽管已经有一百多年的历史，仍然可以用PAC污染室内空气。PUF-PAS被证明是提供室内微环境中PAC暴露的定量/半定量测量的良好工具。
