PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Timing of eating (TOE) and energy intake (TOEI) has important implications for chronic disease risk beyond diet quality. The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended developing consistent terminology to address the lack of TOE/TOEI standardization. The primary objective of this methodological systematic review was to characterize the conceptualization and assessment of TOE/TOEI within the chronic disease literature (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42021236621). Literature searches in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were limited to English language publications from 2000 to August 2022. Eligible studies reported the association between TOE/TOEI and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, or a related clinical risk factor among adults (≥19 y) in observational and intervention studies. A qualitative synthesis described and compared TOE/TOEI conceptualization, definitions, and assessment methods across studies. Of the 7579 unique publications identified, 259 studies (observational [51.4 %], intervention [47.5 %], or both [1.2 %]) were eligible for inclusion. Key findings indicated that most studies (49.6 %) were conducted in the context of obesity and body weight. TOE/TOEI variables or assigned conditions conceptualized interrelated aspects of time and eating or energy intake in varying ways. Common TOE/TOEI conceptualizations included the following: 1) timepoint (specific time to represent when intake occurs, such as time of breakfast [74.8 %]); 2) duration (length of time or interval when intake does/does not occur, such as \"eating window\" [56.5 %]); 3) distribution (proportion of daily intake at a given time interval, such as \"percentage of energy before noon\" [29.8 %]); and 4) cluster (grouping individuals based on temporal ingestive characteristics [5.0 %]). Assessment, definition, and operationalization of 24-h TOE/TOEI variables varied widely across studies. Observational studies most often used surveys or questionnaires (28.9 %), whereas interventions used virtual or in-person meetings (23.8 %) to assess TOE/TOEI adherence. Overall, the diversity of terminology and methods solidifies the need for standardization to guide future research in chrononutrition and to facilitate inter-study comparisons.
摘要：
饮食时机（TOE）和能量摄入（TOEI）对饮食质量以外的慢性疾病风险具有重要意义。2020年膳食指南咨询委员会（DGAC）建议制定一致的术语来解决缺乏TOE/TOEI标准化的问题。本方法学系统综述的主要目的是描述慢性疾病文献中TOE/TOEI的概念化和评估（PROSPERO注册号：CRD42021236621）。CINAHLPlus中的文献搜索，Embase,PubMed,从2000年至2022年8月，Scopus仅限于英语出版物。符合条件的研究报告了TOE/TOEI与肥胖之间的关联，心血管疾病（CVD），糖尿病（T2DM），癌症,或观察性和干预性研究中成人（≥19岁）的相关临床危险因素。定性综合描述和比较了TOE/TOEI概念化，定义,和跨研究的评估方法。在确定的7579种独特出版物中，259项研究（观察性[51.4%]，干预[47.5%]，或两者[1.2%])符合入选条件。主要研究结果表明，大多数研究（49.6％）是在肥胖和体重的背景下进行的。TOE/TOEI变量或分配的条件以不同的方式概念化了时间和饮食或能量摄入（EI）的相互关联的方面；常见的TOE/TOEI概念化包括：1）时间点（表示摄入发生的具体时间，如早餐时间[74.8%])；2)持续时间(摄入/不发生的时间长度或间隔，如“进食窗口”[56.5%])；3)分布(给定时间间隔的每日摄入量比例，例如“中午前的能量百分比”[29.8％]）；和4）聚类（根据时间特征对个体进行分组[5.0％]）。评估,定义,24小时（24小时）TOE/TOEI变量的可操作性在研究中差异很大。观察性研究最常使用调查或问卷（28.9％），而干预措施使用虚拟或面对面会议（23.8％）来评估TOE/TOEI依从性。总的来说,术语和方法的多样性巩固了对标准化的需求，以指导未来的时间营养研究并促进研究间的比较。
