Abstract：
Modeling a human disease is an essential part of biomedical research. The recent advances in the field of molecular genetics made it possible to obtain genetically modified animals for the study of various diseases. Not only monogenic disorders but also chromosomal and multifactorial disorders can be mimicked in lab animals due to genetic modification. Even human infectious diseases can be studied in genetically modified animals. An animal model of a disease enables the tracking of its pathogenesis and, more importantly, to test new therapies. In the first part of this paper, we review the most common DNA modification technologies and provide key ideas on specific technology choices according to the task at hand. In the second part, we focus on the application of genetically modified mice in studying human diseases.
摘要：
对人类疾病进行建模是生物医学研究的重要组成部分。分子遗传学领域的最新进展使得获得用于研究各种疾病的转基因动物成为可能。由于遗传修饰，不仅可以在实验动物中模仿单基因疾病，而且可以模仿染色体和多因素疾病。甚至人类传染病也可以在转基因动物中进行研究。疾病的动物模型能够追踪其发病机制,更重要的是,测试新疗法。在本文的第一部分,我们回顾了最常见的DNA修饰技术，并根据手头的任务提供了具体技术选择的关键思路。在第二部分,我们专注于转基因小鼠在研究人类疾病中的应用。
