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Abstract：
The essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens (PGEO) is identified in the literature as a rich source of bioactive compounds with a high level of biological activity. This study aimed to examine the chemical profile of PGEO as well as its antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and insecticidal properties. Its chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), achieving comprehensive identification of 99.2% of volatile compounds. The predominant identified compounds were β-citronellol (29.7%) and geraniol (14.6%). PGEO\'s antioxidant potential was determined by means of DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation neutralization. The results indicate a higher capacity of PGEO to neutralize the ABTS radical cation, with an IC50 value of 0.26 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Two techniques were used to assess antimicrobial activity: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion. Antimicrobial evaluation using the disk diffusion method revealed that Salmonella enterica (14.33 ± 0.58 mm), which forms biofilms, and Priestia megaterium (14.67 ± 0.58 mm) were most susceptible to exposure to PGEO. The MIC assay demonstrated the highest performance of this EO against biofilm-forming S. enterica (MIC 50 0.57 ± 0.006; MIC 90 0.169 ± 0.08 mg/mL). In contrast to contact application, the assessment of the in situ vapor phase antibacterial activity of PGEO revealed significantly more potent effects. An analysis of antibiofilm activity using MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated PGEO\'s capacity to disrupt the biofilm homeostasis of S. enterica growing on plastic and stainless steel. Additionally, insecticidal evaluations indicated that treatment with PGEO at doses of 100% and 50% resulted in the complete mortality of all Harmonia axyridis individuals.
摘要：
在文献中鉴定出天鹅膏(PGEO)的精油为具有高水平生物活性的生物活性化合物的丰富来源。本研究旨在检查PGEO的化学特征以及其抗氧化剂，抗菌，抗生物膜,和杀虫特性。其化学成分采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,实现对99.2%挥发性化合物的全面鉴定。主要的鉴定化合物是β-香茅醇(29.7%)和香叶醇(14.6%)。通过DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基阳离子中和确定了PGEO的抗氧化潜力。结果表明PGEO中和ABTS自由基阳离子的能力更高，IC50值为0.26±0.02mg/mL。使用两种技术来评估抗微生物活性：最低抑制浓度（MIC）和圆盘扩散。使用纸片扩散法进行抗菌评价，发现肠沙门氏菌（14.33±0.58mm），形成生物膜，和大天牛(14.67±0.58毫米)最容易暴露于PGEO。MIC测定证明了该EO对抗生物膜形成肠链球菌的最高性能(MIC50±0.57±0.006;MIC90±0.169±0.08mg/mL)。与联系人应用程序相比，对PGEO原位气相抗菌活性的评估显示出更有效的作用。使用MALDI-TOFMS对抗生物膜活性的分析表明，PGEO具有破坏在塑料和不锈钢上生长的肠球菌生物膜稳态的能力。此外,杀虫评估表明，以100％和50％的剂量使用PGEO治疗会导致所有Harmoniaaxyridis个体完全死亡。
