Abstract：
In the field of chemical engineering and water treatment, the study of viruses, included surrogates, is well documented. Often, surrogates are used to study viruses and their behavior because they can be produced in larger quantities in safer conditions and are easier to handle. In fact, surrogates allow studying microorganisms which are non-infectious to humans but share some properties similar to pathogenic viruses: structure, composition, morphology, and size. Human noroviruses, recognized as the leading cause of epidemics and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis across all age groups, may be mimicked by the Tulane virus. The objectives of this work were to study (i) the ultrafiltration of Tulane virus and norovirus to validate that Tulane virus can be used as a surrogate for norovirus in water treatment process and (ii) the retention of norovirus and the surrogate as a function of water quality to better understand the use of the latter pathogenic viruses. Ultrafiltration tests showed significant logarithmic reduction values (LRV) in viral RNA: around 2.5 for global LRV (i.e., based on the initial and permeate average concentrations) and between 2 and 6 for average LRV (i.e., retention rate considering the increase of viral concentration in the retentate), both for norovirus and the surrogate Tulane virus. Higher reduction rates (from 2 to 6 log genome copies) are obtained for higher initial concentrations (from 101 to 107 genome copies per mL) due to virus aggregation in membrane lumen. Tulane virus appears to be a good surrogate for norovirus retention by membrane processes.
摘要：
在化学工程和水处理领域，对病毒的研究，包括代理人，有据可查。通常,代用品用于研究病毒及其行为，因为它们可以在更安全的条件下大量生产，并且更容易处理。事实上,代理人允许研究对人类无传染性但具有一些与致病病毒相似的特性的微生物：结构，composition,形态学,和大小。人类诺如病毒,被认为是所有年龄组的流行病和散发性胃肠炎病例的主要原因，可能会被杜兰病毒模仿.这项工作的目的是研究（i）杜兰病毒和诺如病毒的超滤，以验证杜兰病毒可以在水处理过程中用作诺如病毒的替代品，以及（ii）诺如病毒的保留和替代作为水质的功能，以更好地了解后一种致病病毒的使用。超滤测试显示病毒RNA中显著的对数减少值(LRV):全球LRV约为2.5(即,基于初始和渗透平均浓度)，平均LRV在2和6之间(即，考虑到滞留物中病毒浓度的增加，保留率)，诺如病毒和替代杜兰病毒。由于膜内腔中的病毒聚集,对于较高的初始浓度(从101至107个基因组拷贝/mL),获得较高的减少率(从2至6个对数基因组拷贝)。杜兰病毒似乎是通过膜过程保留诺如病毒的良好替代品。
