PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Spatial repellents (SR) may complement current vector control tools and provide additional coverage when people are not under their bednets or are outdoors. Here we assessed the efficacy of a metofluthrin-based SR in reducing exposure to pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus in Siaya County, western Kenya.
METHODS: Metofluthrin was vaporized using an emanator configured to a liquid petroleum gas (LPG) canister, placed inside experimental huts (phase 1) or outdoors (phase 2), and evaluated for reductions in human landing rate, density, knockdown and mortality rates of An. funestus, which are present in high density in the area. To demonstrate the mosquito recruiting effect of LPG, a hut with only an LPG cooker but no metofluthrin was added as a comparator and compared with an LPG cooker burning alongside the emanator and a third hut with no LPG cooker as control. Phase 2 evaluated the protective range of the SR product while emanating from the centre of a team of mosquito collectors sitting outdoors in north, south, east and west directions at 5, 10 and 20 feet from the emanating device.
RESULTS: Combustion of LPG with a cook stove increased the density of An. funestus indoors by 51% over controls with no cook stove. In contrast, huts with metofluthrin vaporized with LPG combustion had lower indoor density of An. funestus (99.3% less than controls), with knockdown and mortality rates of 95.5 and 87.7%, respectively, in the mosquitoes collected in the treated huts. In the outdoor study (phase 2), the outdoor landing rate was significantly lower at 5 and 10 feet than at 20 feet from the emanator.
CONCLUSIONS: Vaporized metofluthrin almost completely prevented An. funestus landing indoors and led to 10 times lower landing rates within 10 feet of the emanator outdoors, the first product to demonstrate such potential. Cooking with LPG inside the house could increase exposure to Anopheles mosquito bites, but the use of the metofluthrin canister eliminates this risk.
METHODS: Metofluthrin was vaporized using an emanator configured to a liquid petroleum gas (LPG) canister, placed inside experimental huts (phase 1) or outdoors (phase 2), and evaluated for reductions in human landing rate, density, knockdown and mortality rates of An. funestus, which are present in high density in the area. To demonstrate the mosquito recruiting effect of LPG, a hut with only an LPG cooker but no metofluthrin was added as a comparator and compared with an LPG cooker burning alongside the emanator and a third hut with no LPG cooker as control. Phase 2 evaluated the protective range of the SR product while emanating from the centre of a team of mosquito collectors sitting outdoors in north, south, east and west directions at 5, 10 and 20 feet from the emanating device.
RESULTS: Combustion of LPG with a cook stove increased the density of An. funestus indoors by 51% over controls with no cook stove. In contrast, huts with metofluthrin vaporized with LPG combustion had lower indoor density of An. funestus (99.3% less than controls), with knockdown and mortality rates of 95.5 and 87.7%, respectively, in the mosquitoes collected in the treated huts. In the outdoor study (phase 2), the outdoor landing rate was significantly lower at 5 and 10 feet than at 20 feet from the emanator.
CONCLUSIONS: Vaporized metofluthrin almost completely prevented An. funestus landing indoors and led to 10 times lower landing rates within 10 feet of the emanator outdoors, the first product to demonstrate such potential. Cooking with LPG inside the house could increase exposure to Anopheles mosquito bites, but the use of the metofluthrin canister eliminates this risk.
摘要：
背景：空间驱避剂（SR）可以补充当前的媒介控制工具，并在人们不在蚊帐下或在户外时提供额外的覆盖范围。在这里，我们评估了基于美氟氯菊酯的SR在减少Siaya县对拟除虫菊酯抗性按蚊的暴露方面的功效，肯尼亚西部。
方法：使用配置为液化石油气（LPG）罐的散发器蒸发美托氟菊酯，放置在实验小屋(第一阶段)或室外(第二阶段)，并评估了人类着陆率的降低，密度,击倒率和死亡率。funestus,在该地区高密度存在。为展示液化石油气的捕蚊效果，添加了一个仅装有液化石油气炊具但没有美托氟菊酯的小屋作为比较器，并与在散发器旁边燃烧的液化石油气炊具和没有液化石油气炊具作为对照的第三个小屋进行了比较。第二阶段评估了SR产品的保护范围，同时来自北部户外的一群蚊子收藏家的中心，南,东、西向距离发射装置5、10和20英尺。
结果：用煮炉燃烧LPG增加了An的密度。室内funestus比没有烹饪炉的控制下降了51%。相比之下,用液化石油气燃烧蒸发的美氟菊酯小屋的室内密度较低。funestus（比对照组少99.3%），敲除率和死亡率分别为95.5％和87.7％，分别,在处理过的小屋中收集的蚊子。在室外研究（第二阶段），室外着陆率在5英尺和10英尺处明显低于距发射器20英尺处。
结论：汽化的美托氟菊酯几乎完全阻止了An。funestus在室内着陆，导致在室外10英尺内发射者的着陆率降低了10倍，这是第一个展示这种潜力的产品。在屋内用液化石油气烹饪可能会增加按蚊叮咬的暴露，但是使用美托氟菊酯罐消除了这种风险。
方法：使用配置为液化石油气（LPG）罐的散发器蒸发美托氟菊酯，放置在实验小屋(第一阶段)或室外(第二阶段)，并评估了人类着陆率的降低，密度,击倒率和死亡率。funestus,在该地区高密度存在。为展示液化石油气的捕蚊效果，添加了一个仅装有液化石油气炊具但没有美托氟菊酯的小屋作为比较器，并与在散发器旁边燃烧的液化石油气炊具和没有液化石油气炊具作为对照的第三个小屋进行了比较。第二阶段评估了SR产品的保护范围，同时来自北部户外的一群蚊子收藏家的中心，南,东、西向距离发射装置5、10和20英尺。
结果：用煮炉燃烧LPG增加了An的密度。室内funestus比没有烹饪炉的控制下降了51%。相比之下,用液化石油气燃烧蒸发的美氟菊酯小屋的室内密度较低。funestus（比对照组少99.3%），敲除率和死亡率分别为95.5％和87.7％，分别,在处理过的小屋中收集的蚊子。在室外研究（第二阶段），室外着陆率在5英尺和10英尺处明显低于距发射器20英尺处。
结论：汽化的美托氟菊酯几乎完全阻止了An。funestus在室内着陆，导致在室外10英尺内发射者的着陆率降低了10倍，这是第一个展示这种潜力的产品。在屋内用液化石油气烹饪可能会增加按蚊叮咬的暴露，但是使用美托氟菊酯罐消除了这种风险。
