Abstract：
Medicinal and edible homologs (MEHs) can be used in medicine and food. The National Health Commission announced that a total of 103 kinds of medicinal and edible homologous plants (MEHPs) would be available by were available in 2023. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the third most common chronic metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health worldwide. Polysaccharides, the main component isolated from MEHPs, have significant antidiabetic effects with few side effects. Based on a literature search, this paper summarizes the preparation methods, structural characterization, and antidiabetic functions and mechanisms of MEHPs polysaccharides (MEHPPs). Specifically, MEHPPs mainly regulate PI3K/Akt, AMPK, cAMP/PKA, Nrf2/Keap1, NF-κB, MAPK and other signaling pathways to promote insulin secretion and release, improve glycolipid metabolism, inhibit the inflammatory response, decrease oxidative stress and regulate intestinal flora. Among them, 16 kinds of MEHPPs were found to have obvious anti-diabetic effects. This article reviews the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications by MEHPPs and provides a basis for the development of safe and effective MEHPP-derived health products and new drugs to prevent and treat diabetes.
摘要：
药用和食用同源物(MEHs)可用于医药和食品。国家卫生委员会宣布，到2023年将有103种药用和食用同源植物（MEHP）。糖尿病(DM)已成为严重威胁人类健康的第三大常见慢性代谢性疾病。多糖，从MEHP中分离出的主要成分，有显著的抗糖尿病作用，副作用少。基于文献检索,本文总结了制备方法,结构表征，MEHPPs的抗糖尿病功能和机制。具体来说,MEHPPs主要调节PI3K/Akt，AMPK,cAMP/PKA,Nrf2/Keap1,NF-κB,MAPK等信号通路促进胰岛素分泌和释放，改善糖脂代谢，抑制炎症反应，减少氧化应激和调节肠道菌群。其中,发现16种MEHPPs具有明显的抗糖尿病作用。本文综述了MEHPP对糖尿病及其并发症的防治,为开发安全有效的MEHPP衍生保健品和防治糖尿病的新药提供了依据。
