Abstract：
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and a leading malignancy around the world. It is a vital cause of untimely mortality among women. Drug resistance is the major challenge for effective cancer therapeutics. In contrast, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the reasons for drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. The small population of CSCs present in each tumor has the ability of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity. CSCs are often identified and enriched using a variety of cell surface markers (CD44, CD24, CD133, ABCG2, CD49f, LGR5, SSEA-3, CD70) that exert their functions by different regulatory networks, i.e., Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog (Hh), and Hippo signaling pathways. Particularly the Hippo signaling pathway is the emerging and very less explored cancer stem cell pathway. Here, in this review, the Hippo signaling molecules are elaborated with respect to their ability of stemness as epigenetic modulators and how these molecules can be targeted for better cancer treatment and to overcome drug resistance.
摘要：
乳腺癌是一种异质性疾病，是世界上主要的恶性肿瘤。这是妇女过早死亡的一个重要原因。耐药性是有效癌症治疗的主要挑战。相比之下,肿瘤干细胞(CSCs)是耐药的原因之一,肿瘤进展，和转移。每个肿瘤中存在的少量CSC具有自我更新的能力，分化,和致瘤性。通常使用多种细胞表面标志物（CD44，CD24，CD133，ABCG2，CD49f，LGR5，SSEA-3，CD70）通过不同的监管网络发挥其功能，即，缺口,Wnt/β-catenin,刺猬(Hh),和河马信号通路。特别是Hippo信号通路是新兴的和很少探索的癌症干细胞通路。这里,在这次审查中,关于Hippo信号分子作为表观遗传调节剂的干性能力，以及这些分子如何被靶向以更好地治疗癌症和克服耐药性。
