Abstract：
Despite the extensive global consumption of architectural paint, the toxicological effects of aged exterior paint particles on terrestrial biota remain largely uncharacterized. Herein, we assessed the toxic effect of aged paint particles on soil environments using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a test organism. Various types of paint particles were generated by fragmentation and sequential sieving (500-1000, 250-500, 100-250, 50-100, 20-50 μm) of paint coatings collected from two old residential areas. The paint particles exerted different levels of toxicity, as indicated by a reduction in the number of C. elegans offspring, depending on their size, color, and layer structure. These physical characteristics were found to be closely associated with the chemical heterogeneity of additives present in the paint particles. Since the paint particle sizes were larger than what C. elegans typically consume, we attributed the toxicity to leachable additives present in the paint particles. To assess the toxicity of these leachable additives, we performed sequential washings of the paint particles with distilled water and ethanol. Ethanol washing of the paint particles significantly reduced the soil toxicity of the hydrophobic additives, indicating their potential environmental risk. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethanol leachate revealed the presence of alkyl amines, which exhibited a high correlation with the toxicity of the paint particles. Further toxicity testing using an alkyl amine standard demonstrated that a paint particle concentration of 1.2% in soil could significantly reduce the number of C. elegans offspring. Our findings provide insights into the potential hazards posed by aged paint particles and their leachable additives in the terrestrial environment.
摘要：
尽管全球广泛消费建筑涂料，老化的外部油漆颗粒对陆地生物群的毒理学影响仍然没有被描述。在这里，我们使用线虫秀丽隐杆线虫（C.秀丽隐杆线虫)作为测试生物。通过对从两个旧住宅区收集的油漆涂层进行破碎和顺序筛分（500-1000、250-500、100-250、50-100、20-50μm），可以产生各种类型的油漆颗粒。油漆颗粒产生不同程度的毒性，秀丽隐杆线虫后代数量的减少表明，根据它们的大小，颜色,层结构。发现这些物理特性与油漆颗粒中存在的添加剂的化学异质性密切相关。由于油漆颗粒尺寸大于秀丽隐杆线虫通常消耗的尺寸，我们将毒性归因于油漆颗粒中存在的可浸出添加剂。为了评估这些可浸出添加剂的毒性，我们用蒸馏水和乙醇连续洗涤油漆颗粒。油漆颗粒的乙醇洗涤显着降低了疏水性添加剂的土壤毒性，表明其潜在的环境风险。乙醇浸出液的液相色谱-质谱分析显示存在烷基胺，这与油漆颗粒的毒性具有高度相关性。使用烷基胺标准的进一步毒性测试表明，土壤中油漆颗粒浓度为1.2％可以显着减少秀丽隐杆线虫后代的数量。我们的发现为老化的油漆颗粒及其可浸出添加剂在陆地环境中带来的潜在危害提供了见解。
