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Abstract：
This scoping review of the literature explores the following question: what systematic measures are needed to achieve a healthy city? The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests 11 characteristics of a healthy city. Measures contributing to these characteristics are extracted and classified into 29 themes. Implementation of some of these measures is illustrated by examples from Freiburg, Greater Vancouver, Singapore, Seattle, New York City, London, Nantes, Exeter, Copenhagen, and Washington, DC. The identified measures and examples indicate that a healthy city is a system of healthy sectors. A discussion section suggests healthy directions for nine sectors in a healthy city. These sectors include transportation, housing, schools, city planning, local government, environmental management, retail, heritage, and healthcare. Future work is advised to put more focus on characteristic 5 (i.e., the meeting of basic needs for all the city\'s people) and characteristic 10 (i.e., public health and sick care services accessible to all) of a healthy city.
摘要：
对文献的范围审查探讨了以下问题：实现健康城市需要采取哪些系统措施？世界卫生组织（WHO）提出了健康城市的11个特征。有助于这些特征的度量被提取并分类为29个主题。弗莱堡的例子说明了其中一些措施的实施情况，大温哥华,新加坡,西雅图,纽约市,伦敦,南特,埃克塞特,哥本哈根,和华盛顿,DC.确定的措施和例子表明，健康的城市是健康的部门系统。讨论部分提出了健康城市中九个部门的健康方向。这些部门包括交通运输，住房,学校,城市规划,地方政府,环境管理,零售,遗产,和医疗保健。建议未来的工作更多地关注特征5(即，满足全市人民的基本需求)和特征10(即，所有人都能获得的公共卫生和疾病护理服务)健康的城市。
