Abstract：
Depending on the nature of their sports, athletes may be engaged in successive weight loss (WL) and regain, conducing to \"weight cycling.\" The aims of this paper were to systematically (and meta-analytically when possible) analyze the post-WL recovery of (i) body weight and (ii) fat mass; fat-free mass; and performance and metabolic responses in weight cycling athletes (18-55 years old, body mass index < 30 kg.m-2 ). MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases were explored. The quality and risk of bias of the 74 included studies were assessed using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Thirty-two studies were eligible for meta-analyses. Whatever the type of sports or methods used to lose weight, post-WL body weight does not seem affected compared with pre-WL. While similar results are observed for fat-free mass, strength sports athletes (also having longer WL and regain periods) do not seem to fully recover their initial fat mass (ES: -0.39, 95% CI: [-0.77; -0.00], p = 0.048, I2 = 0.0%). Although the methods used by athletes to achieve WL might prevent them from a potential post-WL fat overshooting, further studies are needed to better understand WL episodes consequences on athletes\' performance as well as short- and long-term physical, metabolic, and mental health.
摘要：
根据他们运动的性质，运动员可以连续减肥（WL）并恢复，有助于“体重循环”。“本文的目的是系统地（并在可能的情况下进行荟萃分析）分析（i）体重和（ii）脂肪量的WL后恢复；无脂肪量；以及体重自行车运动员（18-55岁，体重指数<30公斤。m-2)。MEDLINE,Embase,和SPORTDiscus数据库进行了探索。使用定量研究的质量评估工具评估了74项纳入研究的质量和偏倚风险。32项研究符合荟萃分析的条件。无论哪种运动或减肥方法，与WL前相比，WL后的体重似乎没有受到影响。虽然对于无脂肪质量观察到类似的结果，力量运动运动员（也具有较长的WL和恢复期）似乎无法完全恢复其初始脂肪量（ES：-0.39，95％CI：[-0.77;-0.00]，p=0.048,I2=0.0%)。尽管运动员用来达到WL的方法可能会阻止他们潜在的WL后脂肪过冲，需要进一步的研究来更好地了解WL发作对运动员表现以及短期和长期身体的影响，新陈代谢，和心理健康。
