PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Animal personality has been shown to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and shaped by natural selection. Currently, little is known about mechanisms influencing the development of personality traits. This study examines the extent to which personality development is genetically influenced and/or environmentally responsive (plastic). We also investigated the role of evolutionary history, assessing whether personality traits could be canalized along a genetic and ecological divergence gradient. We tested the plastic potential of boldness in juveniles of five Icelandic Arctic charr morphs (Salvelinus alpinus), including two pairs of sympatric morphs, displaying various degrees of genetic and ecological divergence from the ancestral anadromous charr, split between treatments mimicking benthic versus pelagic feeding modalities. We show that differences in mean boldness are mostly affected by genetics. While the benthic treatment led to bolder individuals overall, the environmental effect was rather weak, suggesting that boldness lies under strong genetic influence with reduced plastic potential. Finally, we found hints of differences by morphs in boldness canalization through reduced variance and plasticity, and higher consistency in boldness within morphs. These findings provide new insights on how behavioural development may impact adaptive diversification.
摘要：
动物个性已被证明受遗传和环境因素的影响，并受到自然选择的影响。目前,对影响人格特质发展的机制知之甚少。这项研究检查了人格发展受到遗传影响和/或环境响应（塑料）的程度。我们还研究了进化史的作用，评估人格特质是否可以沿着遗传和生态差异梯度进行规范。我们测试了五种冰岛北极charr变体（Salvelinusalpinus）的少年大胆的可塑性潜力，包括两对同胞变体，显示出不同程度的遗传和生态差异，模拟底栖和中上层喂养方式的治疗方法之间的差异。我们表明，平均胆量的差异主要受遗传影响。虽然底栖治疗总体上导致了更大胆的个体，环境影响相当微弱，这表明大胆受到强烈的遗传影响，塑料潜力降低。最后,我们通过减小的方差和可塑性发现了大胆渠道中变形的差异，变形内大胆的一致性更高。这些发现为行为发展如何影响适应性多元化提供了新的见解。
