Abstract：
Snowpack, which serves as a natural archive of atmospheric deposition of multiple pollutants, is a practical environmental media that can be used for assessing atmospheric records and input of the pollutants to the surface environments and ecosystems. A total of 29 snowpack samples were collected at 20 sampling sites covering three different functional areas of a major city (Harbin) in Northeast China. Two samples at the \"snow layer\" and one or two samples at the \"particulate layer\" were collected at each sampling site in the industrial areas characterized by multi-layer snowpack, and only one sample at the \"snow layer\" was collected at each sampling site in the cultural and recreational as well as agricultural areas. The snow contents of 31 elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Y, Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Pb) and six major water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-) were analyzed. The total mass of the measured elements is dominated (95.8%-99.2%) by crustal elements. Heavy metals only account for 0.77%-4.07% of the total mass of the elements, but are occasionally close to or even above the standard limit in the \"Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water\" of China (GB3838-2002). SO42- and Ca2+ are the main anion and cation, accounting for 34.9%-81.1% and 1.43%-29.9%, respectively, of the measured total ions. Total atmospheric deposition of crustal elements and heavy metals is dominated by wet deposition in areas near the petrochemical plant and by dry deposition in areas near the cement plant. Coal combustion, industrial emissions, and traffic-related activities lead to the enrichment of heavy metals in the snowpacks of urban and suburban areas, while coal combustion and biomass burning contribute to pollution in rural areas. The cities and regions situated in the western, northwestern, northern, and northeastern directions from Harbin are potential source regions of these pollutant species.
摘要：
Snowpack,作为大气中多种污染物沉积的自然档案，是一种实用的环境介质，可用于评估大气记录以及污染物向地表环境和生态系统的输入。在中国东北主要城市（哈尔滨）的三个不同功能区的20个采样点收集了29个积雪样本。在以多层积雪为特征的工业区的每个采样地点收集了两个“雪层”样本和一个或两个“颗粒层”样本，在文化和娱乐以及农业地区的每个采样地点，仅在“雪层”收集了一个样本。31种元素的雪含量(Na，Mg,Al,K,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Y,Cd,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,TB,Dy,Ho,呃，Tm,Yb,卢，和Pb)和六种主要水溶性无机离子(WSII，NH4+,K+,Ca2+,NO2-,NO3-,和SO42-)进行了分析。测量元素的总质量由地壳元素主导（95.8％-99.2％）。重金属仅占元素总质量的0.77%-4.07%，但偶尔接近甚至高于中国《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）的标准限值。SO42-和Ca2+是主要的阴离子和阳离子，占34.9%-81.1%和1.43%-29.9%，分别,测量的总离子。地壳元素和重金属的大气总沉积主要是石化厂附近地区的湿沉积和水泥厂附近地区的干沉积。煤燃烧,工业排放，与交通有关的活动导致城市和郊区积雪中重金属的富集，而煤炭燃烧和生物质燃烧加剧了农村地区的污染。位于西部的城市和地区，西北,北方,哈尔滨和东北方向是这些污染物的潜在源区。
