Abstract：
Climate change imposes various environmental stresses which substantially impact plant growth and productivity. Salinity, drought, temperature extremes, heavy metals, and nutritional imbalances are among several abiotic stresses contributing to high yield losses of crops in various parts of the world, resulting in food insecurity. Many interesting strategies are being researched in the attempt to improve plants\' environmental stress tolerance. These include the application of nanoparticles, which have been found to improve plant function under stress situations. Nanotechnology will be a key driver in the upcoming agri-tech and pharmaceutical revolution, which promises a more sustainable, efficient, and resilient agricultural and medical system Nano-fertilizers can help plants utilise nutrients more efficiently by releasing nutrients slowly and sustainably. Plant physiology and nanomaterial features (such as size, shape, and charge) are important aspects influencing the impact on plant growth. Here, we discussed the most promising new opportunities and methodologies for using nanotechnology to increase the efficiency of critical inputs for crop agriculture, as well as to better manage biotic and abiotic stress. Potential development and implementation challenges are highlighted, emphasising the importance of designing suggested nanotechnologies using a systems approach. Finally, the strengths, flaws, possibilities, and risks of nanotechnology are assessed and analysed in order to present a comprehensive and clear picture of the nanotechnology potentials, as well as future paths for nano-based agri-food applications towards sustainability. Future research directions have been established in order to support research towards the long-term development of nano-enabled agriculture and evolution of pharmaceutical industry.
摘要：
气候变化施加了各种环境压力，这些环境压力会严重影响植物的生长和生产力。盐度,干旱,极端温度,重金属,营养失衡是导致世界各地农作物高产损失的几种非生物胁迫之一，导致粮食不安全。正在研究许多有趣的策略，以试图提高植物的环境胁迫耐受性。这些包括纳米粒子的应用，已发现在胁迫情况下改善植物功能。纳米技术将成为即将到来的农业技术和制药革命的关键驱动力，承诺更可持续的，高效,和弹性农业和医疗系统纳米肥料可以通过缓慢和可持续地释放养分来帮助植物更有效地利用养分。植物生理学和纳米材料特征(如尺寸，形状,和电荷）是影响植物生长影响的重要方面。这里,我们讨论了使用纳米技术来提高作物农业关键投入效率的最有希望的新机会和方法，以及更好地管理生物和非生物胁迫。强调了潜在的发展和实施挑战，强调使用系统方法设计建议的纳米技术的重要性。最后,的优势，瑕疵,可能性，和纳米技术的风险进行了评估和分析，以呈现纳米技术潜力的全面和清晰的图片，以及纳米农业食品应用走向可持续发展的未来路径。为了支持纳米农业的长期发展和制药工业的发展，已经建立了未来的研究方向。
