Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Since the U.S. Supreme Court eliminated the federal right to abortion, there is a heightened need to understand public opinion about the criminalization of people who attempt to end their pregnancies outside the formal healthcare setting, referred to as self-managed abortion (SMA). We assessed U.S. attitudes about whether three forms of SMA should be legal, reported or punished: 1) using abortion pills obtained outside the healthcare system, 2) using other medications, drugs, herbs, or by drinking alcohol, and 3) using traumatic methods (inserting an object in their body or hitting their stomach).
METHODS: From December 2021 to January 2022, we administered a national probability-based online survey to English- and Spanish-speaking people assigned female (AFAB, ages 15-49) or male at birth (AMAB, ages 18-49) regarding their attitudes about criminalizing SMA, using Ipsos\' KnowledgePanel. We estimated weighted proportions and conducted multivariable regression analyses to identify characteristics associated with support for SMA legality and punishment (reporting to authorities, paying a fine or going to jail).
RESULTS: A total of 7,016 AFAB and 360 AMAB completed the survey. People were less likely (p < .05) to agree that SMA using abortion pills should be illegal (34% of AFAB and 43% of AMAB) than other forms of SMA (36-48%), although over one-fifth were unsure (AFAB, 20-23% and AMAB, 24-27%). People were less likely to agree SMA using abortion pills should be criminalized than SMA using other drugs, medications, herbs, alcohol or by using traumatic methods. In multivariable analyses, AMAB and Christian religion were associated with agreeing that SMA using abortion pills should be illegal; people who identified as Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity and experienced medical mistreatment were less likely to agree SMA with medication abortion pills should be illegal.
CONCLUSIONS: Public support for criminalizing SMA is complex and varied by SMA method and form of punishment.
METHODS: From December 2021 to January 2022, we administered a national probability-based online survey to English- and Spanish-speaking people assigned female (AFAB, ages 15-49) or male at birth (AMAB, ages 18-49) regarding their attitudes about criminalizing SMA, using Ipsos\' KnowledgePanel. We estimated weighted proportions and conducted multivariable regression analyses to identify characteristics associated with support for SMA legality and punishment (reporting to authorities, paying a fine or going to jail).
RESULTS: A total of 7,016 AFAB and 360 AMAB completed the survey. People were less likely (p < .05) to agree that SMA using abortion pills should be illegal (34% of AFAB and 43% of AMAB) than other forms of SMA (36-48%), although over one-fifth were unsure (AFAB, 20-23% and AMAB, 24-27%). People were less likely to agree SMA using abortion pills should be criminalized than SMA using other drugs, medications, herbs, alcohol or by using traumatic methods. In multivariable analyses, AMAB and Christian religion were associated with agreeing that SMA using abortion pills should be illegal; people who identified as Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity and experienced medical mistreatment were less likely to agree SMA with medication abortion pills should be illegal.
CONCLUSIONS: Public support for criminalizing SMA is complex and varied by SMA method and form of punishment.
摘要：
目的：由于美国最高法院取消了联邦堕胎权，越来越需要了解公众对试图在正规医疗机构之外终止怀孕的人的刑事定罪的看法，称为自我管理流产（SMA）。我们评估了美国对三种形式的SMA是否合法的态度，报告或处罚：1）使用在医疗保健系统之外获得的流产药，（2）使用其他药物。毒品,草药,或者通过饮酒，和3）使用创伤的方法（插入一个物体在他们的身体或打他们的胃）。
方法：从2021年12月到2022年1月，我们对分配给女性的讲英语和西班牙语的人进行了一项全国性的基于概率的在线调查（AFAB，15-49岁)或出生时男性(AMAB，18-49岁)关于他们对将SMA定罪的态度，使用益普索知识小组。我们估计了加权比例，并进行了多变量回归分析，以确定与支持SMA合法性和惩罚相关的特征(向当局报告，支付罚款或入狱)。
结果：共有7,016AFAB和360AMAB完成了调查。与其他形式的SMA（36-48％）相比，人们不太可能（p<0.05）同意使用流产药丸的SMA应该是非法的（占AFAB的34％和AMAB的43％），尽管超过五分之一的人不确定(AFAB，20-23%和AMAB，24-27%）。与使用其他药物的SMA相比，人们不太可能同意使用流产药的SMA应被定罪，药物,草药,酒精或使用创伤方法。在多变量分析中，AMAB和基督教与同意SMA使用流产药应是非法的有关；被认定为西班牙裔/拉丁裔种族并经历过医疗虐待的人不太可能同意SMA与药物流产药应是非法的。
结论：公众对将SMA定罪的支持因SMA方法和惩罚形式而复杂多样。
方法：从2021年12月到2022年1月，我们对分配给女性的讲英语和西班牙语的人进行了一项全国性的基于概率的在线调查（AFAB，15-49岁)或出生时男性(AMAB，18-49岁)关于他们对将SMA定罪的态度，使用益普索知识小组。我们估计了加权比例，并进行了多变量回归分析，以确定与支持SMA合法性和惩罚相关的特征(向当局报告，支付罚款或入狱)。
结果：共有7,016AFAB和360AMAB完成了调查。与其他形式的SMA（36-48％）相比，人们不太可能（p<0.05）同意使用流产药丸的SMA应该是非法的（占AFAB的34％和AMAB的43％），尽管超过五分之一的人不确定(AFAB，20-23%和AMAB，24-27%）。与使用其他药物的SMA相比，人们不太可能同意使用流产药的SMA应被定罪，药物,草药,酒精或使用创伤方法。在多变量分析中，AMAB和基督教与同意SMA使用流产药应是非法的有关；被认定为西班牙裔/拉丁裔种族并经历过医疗虐待的人不太可能同意SMA与药物流产药应是非法的。
结论：公众对将SMA定罪的支持因SMA方法和惩罚形式而复杂多样。
