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Abstract：
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by volume reduction in gray and white matter, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission, as well as molecular deficiencies such as punctual mutation in Disrupted‑in‑Schizophrenia 1 protein. In this regard, it is essential to understand the underlying molecular disturbances to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. The signaling pathways activated by G protein‑coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key molecular signaling pathways altered in SZ. Convenient models need to be designed and validated to study these processes and mechanisms at the cellular level. Cultured olfactory stem cells are used to investigate neural molecular and cellular alterations related to the pathophysiology of SZ. Multipotent human olfactory stem cells are undifferentiated and express GPCRs involved in numerous physiological functions such as proliferation, differentiation and bioenergetics. The use of olfactory stem cells obtained from patients with SZ may identify alterations in GPCR signaling that underlie dysfunctional processes in both undifferentiated and specialized neurons or derived neuroglia. The present review aimed to analyze the role of GPCRs and their signaling in the pathophysiology of SZ. Culture of olfactory epithelial cells constitutes a suitable model to study SZ and other psychiatric disorders at the cellular level.
摘要：
精神分裂症（SZ）是一种多因素疾病，其特征是灰质和白质体积减少，氧化应激，神经炎症，改变了神经传递,以及分子缺陷，如精神分裂症1蛋白的准时突变。在这方面,了解潜在的分子干扰对确定疾病的病理生理机制至关重要。G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）激活的信号通路是SZ中发生改变的关键分子信号通路。需要设计和验证方便的模型，以在细胞水平上研究这些过程和机制。培养的嗅觉干细胞用于研究与SZ病理生理学相关的神经分子和细胞改变。多能人嗅觉干细胞是未分化的，表达参与许多生理功能如增殖的GPCRs，分化和生物能学。从SZ患者获得的嗅觉干细胞的使用可以鉴定GPCR信号传导的改变，这些改变是未分化和特化神经元或衍生神经胶质细胞功能失调过程的基础。本文旨在分析GPCRs及其信号通路在SZ病理生理学中的作用。嗅觉上皮细胞的培养构成了在细胞水平上研究SZ和其他精神疾病的合适模型。
