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Abstract：
Most plants belonging to the widely distributed genus Dianthus are used for gardening. Interspecific hybridization of different Dianthus species leads to blurred genetic backgrounds. To obtain more genomic resources and understand the phylogenetic relationships among Dianthus species, the chloroplast genomes of 12 Dianthus species, including nine Dianthus gratianopolitanus varieties, were analyzed. The chloroplast genomes of these 12 species exhibited similar sizes (149,474-149,735 bp), with Dianthus caryophyllus having a chloroplast genome size of 149,604 bp marked by a significant contraction in inverted repeats. In the chloroplast genome of Dianthus, we identified 124-126 annotated genes, including 83-84 protein-coding genes. Notably, D. caryophyllus had 83 protein-coding genes but lacked rpl2. The repeat sequences of the chloroplast genome were consistent among species, and variations in the sequence were limited and not prominent. However, notable gene replacements were observed in the boundary region. Phylogenetic analysis of Dianthus indicated that D. caryophyllus and D. gratianopolitanus were most closely related, suggesting that the degree of variation within nine Dianthus varieties was no less than the variation observed between species. These differences provide a theoretical foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity within Dianthus species.
摘要：
大多数属于分布广泛的石竹属的植物用于园艺。不同石竹种的种间杂交导致遗传背景模糊。为了获得更多的基因组资源并了解石竹物种之间的系统发育关系，12种石竹的叶绿体基因组，包括九个石竹品种，进行了分析。这12个物种的叶绿体基因组表现出相似的大小（149,474-149,735bp），石竹的叶绿体基因组大小为149,604bp，反向重复序列显着收缩。在石竹的叶绿体基因组中，我们确定了124-126个注释基因，包括83-84个蛋白质编码基因。值得注意的是,D.石竹有83个蛋白质编码基因，但缺乏rpl2。叶绿体基因组的重复序列在物种之间是一致的，序列的变化是有限的，并不突出。然而,在边界区域观察到明显的基因替换。石竹的系统发育分析表明，石竹D.caryhylus和D.gratianopolitanus最密切相关，表明9个石竹品种的变异程度不亚于物种之间观察到的变异。这些差异为更全面地了解石竹物种的多样性提供了理论基础。
