Abstract：
There is increasing interest across European contexts in promoting active social lives in older age, and counteracting pathways and outcomes related to social isolation and loneliness for men and women in later life. This is evidenced within national and European level policy, including the 2021 Green Paper on Ageing and its concern with understanding how risks can accrue for European ageing populations in the relational sphere. Research indicates that life-course transitions can function as a source of these risks, leading to a range of potentially exclusionary impacts for the social relations of older men and women. Findings presented in this paper are drawn from the qualitative component of a larger European mixed-methods study on exclusion from social relations (GENPATH: A life course perspective on the GENdered PATHways of social exclusion in later life, and its consequences for health and well-being). We use data from 119 in-depth interviews from four jurisdictions: Austria, Czechia, Ireland and Spain. This research employed an approach that focused on capturing lived experienced insights related to relational change across the life course, the implications of these changes for multifaceted forms of exclusion from social relations and the role of gender in patterning these changes and implications. We focused on transitions that commonly emerged across those jurisdictions for older people: onset of ill-health, bereavement, retirement and relocation. We found that these transitions translate into multidimensional experiences of exclusion from social relations in the lives of older men and women by constraining their social networks, support networks, social opportunities and intimate relationships.
摘要：
欧洲各地对促进老年人积极的社交生活越来越感兴趣，以及抵消与男性和女性在以后生活中的社会孤立和孤独相关的途径和结果。这在国家和欧洲层面的政策中得到了证明，包括2021年关于老龄化的绿皮书，以及它对理解欧洲老龄化人口在关系领域如何累积风险的关注。研究表明，生命过程的转变可以作为这些风险的来源，对老年男女的社会关系产生了一系列潜在的排他性影响。本文提出的研究结果来自更大的欧洲混合方法研究的定性组成部分，该研究涉及社会关系中的排斥（GENPATH：对以后生活中性别化的社会排斥途径的生命历程的观点，及其对健康和福祉的影响)。我们使用来自四个司法管辖区的119次深度访谈的数据：奥地利，捷克,爱尔兰和西班牙。这项研究采用了一种方法，专注于捕获与整个生命过程中的关系变化有关的有经验的见解，这些变化对社会关系中多方面形式的排斥的影响，以及性别在塑造这些变化和影响中的作用。我们专注于老年人在这些司法管辖区普遍出现的过渡：健康不良的发作，丧亲,退休和搬迁。我们发现，这些转变通过限制他们的社交网络，转化为老年男性和女性生活中被排除在社会关系之外的多维体验，支持网络,社交机会和亲密关系。
