Abstract：
The greater prevalence and incidence of Parkinson\'s disease (PD) in men suggest a beneficial effect of sex hormones. Neuroactive steroids have neuroprotective activities thus offering interesting option for disease-modifying therapy for PD. Neuroactive steroids are also neuromodulators of neurotransmitter systems and may thus help to control PD symptoms and side effect of dopamine medication. Here, we review the effect on sex hormones (estrogen, androgen, progesterone and its metabolites) as well as androstenediol, pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone) in human studies and in animal models of PD. The effect of neuroactive steroids is reviewed by considering sex and hormonal status to help identify specifically for women and men with PD what might be a preventive approach or a symptomatic treatment. PD is a complex disease and the pathogenesis likely involves multiple cellular processes. Thus it might be useful to target different cellular mechanisms that contribute to neuronal loss and neuroactive steroids provide therapeutics options as they have multiple mechanisms of action.
摘要：
男性帕金森病（PD）的患病率和发病率较高，表明性激素的有益作用。神经活性类固醇具有神经保护活性，因此为PD的疾病修饰治疗提供了有趣的选择。神经活性类固醇也是神经递质系统的神经调节剂，因此可能有助于控制PD症状和多巴胺药物的副作用。这里,我们回顾了对性激素(雌激素，雄激素,孕酮及其代谢物)以及雄烯二醇，孕烯醇酮和脱氢表雄酮）在人类研究和PD动物模型中。通过考虑性别和激素状态来审查神经活性类固醇的作用，以帮助明确患有PD的女性和男性可能是一种预防方法或对症治疗。PD是一种复杂的疾病，其发病机制可能涉及多个细胞过程。因此，靶向导致神经元丢失的不同细胞机制可能是有用的，神经活性类固醇提供了治疗选择，因为它们具有多种作用机制。
