PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Sleep is essential for a range of physiological and mental functions in professional athletes. There is proof that athletes may experience lower quality and quantity of sleep. While adequate sleep has been shown to have restorative effects on the immune system and endocrine system, facilitate nervous system recovery and the metabolic cost of wakefulness, and play a significant role in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, which can affect sports recovery, injury risk reduction, and performance. Sports performance may suffer significantly from a lack of sleep, especially under maximal and long-term exercise. Due to the potential harm, these factors may do to an athlete\'s endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional health, sports performance is impacted by reduced sleep quality or quantity. There are several neurotransmitters associated with the sleep-wake cycle that have been discovered. They comprise cholinergic hormone, orexin, melanin, galanin, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, histamine, and serotonin. Therefore, dietary modifications that affect the neurotransmitters in the brain also may affect sleep; particularly for athletes who require more physical and psychological recovery owing to the tremendous physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and performance. This review explores the variables that influence the quantity and quality of sleep-in populations of athletes and assesses their possible effects. In addition, several recommendations for improving sleep are presented. Even though there has been much research on variables that impact sleep, future studies may highlight the significance of these aspects for athletes.
摘要：
睡眠对于职业运动员的一系列生理和心理功能至关重要。有证据表明，运动员可能会经历较低的睡眠质量和数量。虽然充足的睡眠已被证明对免疫系统和内分泌系统有恢复作用，促进神经系统恢复和觉醒的代谢成本，并在学习中发挥重要作用，记忆,和突触可塑性，会影响运动恢复，降低伤害风险，和性能。运动表现可能因睡眠不足而严重受损，特别是在最大和长期锻炼的情况下。由于潜在的危害,这些因素可能会影响运动员的内分泌，新陈代谢，营养健康，运动表现受到睡眠质量或数量下降的影响。已经发现了几种与睡眠-觉醒周期相关的神经递质。它们包括胆碱能激素，orexin,黑色素,甘丙肽,血清素,γ-氨基丁酸,组胺,还有血清素.因此,影响大脑神经递质的饮食调整也可能影响睡眠;特别是对于那些需要更多身体和心理恢复的运动员，因为他们在训练和表现期间对他们提出了巨大的生理和心理要求。这篇综述探讨了影响运动员睡眠人群数量和质量的变量，并评估了其可能的影响。此外,提出了一些改善睡眠的建议。尽管有很多关于影响睡眠的变量的研究，未来的研究可能会强调这些方面对运动员的重要性。
