Abstract：
Unique dental conditions in children include odontogenic cysts and tumors, hereditary dental diseases, developmental anomalies, and lesions associated with the eruption of the primary or permanent teeth. Many of these conditions have long lasting effects on the adult dentition in terms of affecting esthetics, function, and overall quality of life. Inherited dental syndromes affect the dental hard tissues specifically the enamel, dentin, and/or cementum in a generalized manner, involving both primary and permanent teeth. These conditions manifest in altered quality or quantity of the hard tissues, leading to fragility, tooth loss and dental diseases such as caries, periapical pathology, and periodontal disease. This category includes amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, hypophosphatasia, and hypophosphatemia. Developmental defects such as regional odontodysplasia are defined by involvement of the primary and permanent dentition in a localized manner, identified in early childhood. This review will elaborate on the histologic findings in these selected dental conditions with a discussion on clinical and radiographic findings, as well as molecular features wherever appropriate.
摘要：
儿童独特的牙齿状况包括牙源性囊肿和肿瘤，遗传性牙科疾病,发育异常,以及与乳牙或恒牙萌出相关的病变。许多这些条件有长期持久的影响成人牙列在影响美学方面，函数,和整体生活质量。遗传性牙齿综合征影响牙齿硬组织，特别是牙釉质，牙本质,和/或牙骨质以广义的方式，涉及乳牙和恒牙。这些情况表现为硬组织的质量或数量改变，导致脆弱，牙齿脱落和龋齿等牙齿疾病，根尖周病理学，和牙周病.此类别包括牙釉质发育不全，牙本质发育不全,牙本质发育不良,低磷酸盐增多症,和低磷酸盐血症.发育缺陷，如区域性牙列发育不良，是由原发性和永久性牙列以局部方式参与定义的。在儿童早期发现。这篇综述将详细阐述这些选定牙科疾病的组织学发现，并讨论临床和影像学发现，以及适当的分子特征。
