Abstract：
Climate change is the greatest threat to human health, with one of its direct effects being global warming and its impact on health. Currently, the world is experiencing an increase in the mean global temperature, but this increase affects different populations to different degrees. This is due to the fact that individual, demographic, geographical and social factors influence vulnerability and the capacity to adapt. Adaptation is the process of adjusting to the current or envisaged climate and its effects, with the aim of mitigating harm and taking advantage of the beneficial opportunities. There are different ways of measuring the effectiveness of adaptation, and the most representative indicator is via the time trend in the temperature-mortality relationship. Despite the rise in the number of studies that have examined the temperature-mortality relationship in recent years, there are very few that have analysed whether a particular population has or has not adapted to heat. We conducted a scoping review that met the following criteria, namely: including all persons; considering the heat adaptation concept; and covering the context of the impact of global warming on health and mortality. A total of 23 studies were selected. This review found very few studies targeting adaptation to heat in the human population and a limited number of countries carrying out research in this field, something that highlights the lack of research in this area. It is therefore crucial for political decision-makers to support studies that serve to enhance our comprehension of long-term adaptation to heat and its impact on the health of the human population.
摘要：
气候变化是对人类健康的最大威胁，其直接影响之一是全球变暖及其对健康的影响。目前,世界正在经历全球平均气温的上升，但是这种增加在不同程度上影响不同的人群。这是由于个人，人口统计学,地理和社会因素影响脆弱性和适应能力。适应是适应当前或设想的气候及其影响的过程，目的是减轻伤害并利用有益的机会。有不同的方法来衡量适应的有效性，最具代表性的指标是温度-死亡率关系中的时间趋势。尽管近年来研究温度与死亡率关系的研究数量有所增加，很少有人分析特定人群是否适应了热量。我们进行了符合以下标准的范围审查，即：包括所有人；考虑热适应概念；并涵盖全球变暖对健康和死亡率的影响的背景。共选择23项研究。这篇综述发现很少有针对人口适应热量的研究，并且在该领域进行研究的国家数量有限，这突出了这方面缺乏研究。因此，政治决策者必须支持有助于提高我们对长期适应热量及其对人类健康的影响的理解的研究。
