Abstract：
Immune checkpoint blockade has become standard treatment for many types of cancer. Such therapy is indicated most often in patients with advanced or metastatic disease but has been increasingly used as adjuvant therapy in those with early-stage disease. Adverse events include immune-related organ inflammation resembling autoimmune diseases. We describe a case of severe immune-related gastroenterocolitis in a 4-month-old infant who presented with intractable diarrhea and failure to thrive after in utero exposure to pembrolizumab. Known causes of the symptoms were ruled out, and the diagnosis of pembrolizumab-induced immune-related gastroenterocolitis was supported by the results of histopathological assays, immunophenotyping, and analysis of the level of antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The infant\'s condition was successfully treated with prednisolone and infliximab.
摘要：
免疫检查点阻断已成为许多类型癌症的标准治疗方法。这种疗法最常见于晚期或转移性疾病患者，但越来越多地用作早期疾病患者的辅助疗法。不良事件包括类似自身免疫性疾病的免疫相关器官炎症。我们描述了一个4个月大的婴儿中严重的免疫相关性胃肠炎的病例，该婴儿在子宫内暴露于pembrolizumab后出现顽固性腹泻且无法茁壮成长。排除了症状的已知原因，pembrolizumab诱导的免疫相关性胃肠结肠炎的诊断得到了组织病理学检测结果的支持，免疫表型,并分析针对程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）的抗体水平。使用泼尼松龙和英夫利昔单抗成功治疗了婴儿的病情。
