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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The Hubei Province in China reported its last indigenous malaria case in September 2012, but imported malaria cases, particularly those related to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, threaten Hubei\'s malaria-free status. This study investigated the epidemiological changes in P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria in this province to provide scientific evidence for preventing malaria resurgence.
METHODS: The prevalence, demographic characteristics, seasonal features, and geographical distribution of malaria were assessed using surveillance data and were compared across three stages: control stage (2005-2009) and elimination stages I (2010-2014) and II (2015-2019).
RESULTS: In 2005-2019, 8483 malaria cases were reported, including 5599 indigenous P. vivax cases, 275 imported P. vivax cases, 866 imported P. falciparum cases, and 1743 other cases. Imported P. falciparum cases accounted for 0.07% of all cases reported in 2005, but increased to 78.81% in 2019. Most imported P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria occurred among males, aged 21-60 years, during elimination stages I and II. The number of regions affected by imported P. falciparum and P. vivax increased markedly in Hubei from the control stage to elimination stage II. Overall, 1125 imported P. vivax and P. falciparum cases were detected from 47 other nations. Eight imported cases were detected from other provinces in China. From the control stage to elimination stage II, the number of cases of malaria imported from African countries increased, and that of cases imported from Southeast Asian countries decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: Although Hubei has achieved malaria elimination, it faces challenges in maintaining this status. Hence, imported malaria surveillance need to be strengthened to reduce the risk of malaria re-introduction.
METHODS: The prevalence, demographic characteristics, seasonal features, and geographical distribution of malaria were assessed using surveillance data and were compared across three stages: control stage (2005-2009) and elimination stages I (2010-2014) and II (2015-2019).
RESULTS: In 2005-2019, 8483 malaria cases were reported, including 5599 indigenous P. vivax cases, 275 imported P. vivax cases, 866 imported P. falciparum cases, and 1743 other cases. Imported P. falciparum cases accounted for 0.07% of all cases reported in 2005, but increased to 78.81% in 2019. Most imported P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria occurred among males, aged 21-60 years, during elimination stages I and II. The number of regions affected by imported P. falciparum and P. vivax increased markedly in Hubei from the control stage to elimination stage II. Overall, 1125 imported P. vivax and P. falciparum cases were detected from 47 other nations. Eight imported cases were detected from other provinces in China. From the control stage to elimination stage II, the number of cases of malaria imported from African countries increased, and that of cases imported from Southeast Asian countries decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: Although Hubei has achieved malaria elimination, it faces challenges in maintaining this status. Hence, imported malaria surveillance need to be strengthened to reduce the risk of malaria re-introduction.
摘要：
背景：中国湖北省于2012年9月报告了最后一例本地疟疾病例，但输入性疟疾病例，特别是那些与间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫有关的，威胁湖北的无疟疾状态。本研究调查了该省间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫的流行病学变化，为预防疟疾复发提供科学依据。
方法：患病率，人口特征，季节性特征,使用监测数据评估了疟疾的地理分布,并在三个阶段进行了比较:控制阶段(2005-2009年)和消除阶段I(2010-2014年)和消除阶段II(2015-2019年).
结果：在2005-2019年，报告了8483例疟疾病例，包括5599例土著间日疟原虫病例，275例进口间日疟原虫病例，866例进口恶性疟原虫病例，其他1743例。进口恶性疟原虫病例占2005年报告的所有病例的0.07%，但在2019年增加到78.81%。大多数进口间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫疟疾发生在男性中，21-60岁,在消除阶段I和II。从控制阶段到消除阶段，湖北受进口恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫影响的地区数量显着增加。总的来说,从其他47个国家检测到1125例进口间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫。在中国其他省份发现了8例输入性病例。从控制阶段到淘汰阶段II，从非洲国家输入的疟疾病例数量增加，从东南亚国家进口的病例有所下降。
结论：尽管湖北已经实现了消除疟疾，它在维持这一地位方面面临挑战。因此，需要加强对输入性疟疾的监测，以降低疟疾再次传入的风险。
方法：患病率，人口特征，季节性特征,使用监测数据评估了疟疾的地理分布,并在三个阶段进行了比较:控制阶段(2005-2009年)和消除阶段I(2010-2014年)和消除阶段II(2015-2019年).
结果：在2005-2019年，报告了8483例疟疾病例，包括5599例土著间日疟原虫病例，275例进口间日疟原虫病例，866例进口恶性疟原虫病例，其他1743例。进口恶性疟原虫病例占2005年报告的所有病例的0.07%，但在2019年增加到78.81%。大多数进口间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫疟疾发生在男性中，21-60岁,在消除阶段I和II。从控制阶段到消除阶段，湖北受进口恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫影响的地区数量显着增加。总的来说,从其他47个国家检测到1125例进口间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫。在中国其他省份发现了8例输入性病例。从控制阶段到淘汰阶段II，从非洲国家输入的疟疾病例数量增加，从东南亚国家进口的病例有所下降。
结论：尽管湖北已经实现了消除疟疾，它在维持这一地位方面面临挑战。因此，需要加强对输入性疟疾的监测，以降低疟疾再次传入的风险。
