Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Penoscrotal transposition (PST) is an uncommon urogenital malformation in which the penis is mal-positioned to be inferior to the scrotum. The purpose of this study was to explore PST risk by maternal characteristics and to describe co-occurring congenital abnormalities in the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR).
METHODS: We conducted a population-based descriptive study examining occurrence of PST in the TBDR between 1999 and 2019. The primary outcome variable was PST diagnosis during infancy. Descriptive variables included maternal age, education, and race/ethnicity. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated within each maternal variable category using Poisson regression. Counts and percentages of cases with select co-occurring congenital abnormalities were also calculated.
RESULTS: Overall, 251 infants had PST, providing a prevalence of 0.61/10,000 live male births (95% CI: 0.53-0.68). PST prevalence was significantly lower among infants of mothers who had lower educational attainment (high school), who were younger (<25 vs. 25-34), and who were Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic White) and was significantly higher among older mothers (35+ vs. 25-39). Hypospadias was the most common co-occurring genitourinary anomaly, affecting close to 70% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation exploring the prevalence of PST in a population-based birth defects registry. Our findings help to understand the risk for PST among select maternal demographic characteristics and may assist in generating hypotheses about the underlying etiology of this condition for future work.
METHODS: We conducted a population-based descriptive study examining occurrence of PST in the TBDR between 1999 and 2019. The primary outcome variable was PST diagnosis during infancy. Descriptive variables included maternal age, education, and race/ethnicity. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated within each maternal variable category using Poisson regression. Counts and percentages of cases with select co-occurring congenital abnormalities were also calculated.
RESULTS: Overall, 251 infants had PST, providing a prevalence of 0.61/10,000 live male births (95% CI: 0.53-0.68). PST prevalence was significantly lower among infants of mothers who had lower educational attainment (
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation exploring the prevalence of PST in a population-based birth defects registry. Our findings help to understand the risk for PST among select maternal demographic characteristics and may assist in generating hypotheses about the underlying etiology of this condition for future work.
摘要：
背景：阴囊转位（PST）是一种罕见的泌尿生殖道畸形，其中阴茎位置错误，位于阴囊下方。这项研究的目的是通过母体特征探讨PST风险，并描述德克萨斯州出生缺陷登记处（TBDR）中同时发生的先天性异常。
方法：我们进行了一项基于人群的描述性研究，检查了1999年至2019年TBDR中PST的发生情况。主要结果变量是婴儿期的PST诊断。描述性变量包括产妇年龄，教育,和种族/民族。使用泊松回归计算每个母体变量类别中的患病率比率（PR）。还计算了合并有先天性异常的病例的计数和百分比。
结果：总体而言，251名婴儿有PST，提供0.61/10,000男性活产的患病率（95％CI：0.53-0.68）。在受教育程度较低的母亲的婴儿中，PST患病率显着降低（<高中与>高中)，谁更年轻（<25vs.25-34),谁是西班牙裔(vs.非西班牙裔白人)，在年龄较大的母亲中显著更高(35+vs.25-39).尿道下裂是最常见的同时发生的泌尿生殖系统异常，影响近70%的病例。
结论：据我们所知，这是首次在以人群为基础的出生缺陷登记处进行PST患病率调查.我们的发现有助于了解某些孕产妇人口统计学特征中的PST风险，并可能有助于为将来的工作提供有关这种情况的潜在病因的假设。
方法：我们进行了一项基于人群的描述性研究，检查了1999年至2019年TBDR中PST的发生情况。主要结果变量是婴儿期的PST诊断。描述性变量包括产妇年龄，教育,和种族/民族。使用泊松回归计算每个母体变量类别中的患病率比率（PR）。还计算了合并有先天性异常的病例的计数和百分比。
结果：总体而言，251名婴儿有PST，提供0.61/10,000男性活产的患病率（95％CI：0.53-0.68）。在受教育程度较低的母亲的婴儿中，PST患病率显着降低（<高中与>高中)，谁更年轻（<25vs.25-34),谁是西班牙裔(vs.非西班牙裔白人)，在年龄较大的母亲中显著更高(35+vs.25-39).尿道下裂是最常见的同时发生的泌尿生殖系统异常，影响近70%的病例。
结论：据我们所知，这是首次在以人群为基础的出生缺陷登记处进行PST患病率调查.我们的发现有助于了解某些孕产妇人口统计学特征中的PST风险，并可能有助于为将来的工作提供有关这种情况的潜在病因的假设。
