PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Since human skin is the primary interface responding to external mechanical stimuli, extrinsic forces can disrupt its balanced microenvironment and lead to cutaneous lesions. We performed this review to delve into the pathological effects of mechanical pressure on skin from the cellular perspective. Fibroblasts of different subsets act as heterogeneous responders to mechanical load and express diverse functionalities. Keratinocytes relay mechanical signals through mechanosensitive receptors and the ensuing neurochemical cascades to work collaboratively with other cells and molecules in response to pressure. Mast cells release cytokines and neuropeptides, promoting inflammation and facilitating interaction with sensory neurons, while melanocytes can be regulated by pressure through cellular and molecular crosstalk. Adipocytes and stem cells sense pressure to fine-tune their regulations of mechanical homeostasis and cell differentiation. Applying mechanical pressure to the skin can induce various changes in its microenvironment that potentially lead to pathological alterations, such as ischemia, chronic inflammation, proliferation, regeneration, degeneration, necrosis, and impaired differentiation. The heterogeneity of each cellular lineage and subset from different individuals with various underlying skin conditions must be taken into consideration when discussing the pathological effects of pressure on the skin. Thus, elucidating the mechanotransduction and mechanoresponsive pathways from the cellular viewpoint is crucial in diagnosing and managing relevant dermatological disorders.
摘要：
由于人体皮肤是响应外部机械刺激的主要界面，外在力会破坏其平衡的微环境并导致皮肤损伤。我们进行了这篇综述，从细胞的角度探讨了机械压力对皮肤的病理影响。不同子集的成纤维细胞充当机械负荷的异质响应者并表达不同的功能。角质形成细胞通过机械敏感受体和随后的神经化学级联传递机械信号，以响应压力与其他细胞和分子协同工作。肥大细胞释放细胞因子和神经肽，促进炎症和促进与感觉神经元的相互作用，而黑素细胞可以通过细胞和分子串扰受到压力调节。脂肪细胞和干细胞感知压力以微调其机械稳态和细胞分化的调节。向皮肤施加机械压力可以引起其微环境的各种变化，这可能导致病理改变，如缺血，慢性炎症，扩散,再生,变性,坏死,分化受损。在讨论压力对皮肤的病理影响时，必须考虑来自具有各种潜在皮肤状况的不同个体的每个细胞谱系和子集的异质性。因此，从细胞角度阐明机械传导和机械反应途径对于诊断和管理相关皮肤病至关重要。
