Abstract：
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and tracheloside (TCL) are the main lignan components of flaxseed cake and safflower seed cake, which are by-products of oil extraction. Both SDG and TCL are metabolized into mammalian lignan enterolactone (EL) with the involvement of intestinal bacteria. In this research, we evaluated the anti-osteoporosis effects of SDG and the in vivo metabolites EL and enterodiol (ED) prepared in our previous work, as well as the newly isolated chemical constituents from safflower seed, including TCL, the lactone ring opening product of TCL (OTCL) and two alkaloids on the alloxan-induced zebrafish model. All the compounds showed significant anti-osteoporosis effects at 80 µM, with p < 0.05 for EL and p < 0.001 for other compounds compared with the model. SDG and TCL showed the most significant and concentration-dependent effects, with p < 0.001 compared with model at 20 µM. The alkaloids, N-coumaroylserotonin glucoside and N-feruloylserotonin glucoside, also showed anti-osteoporosis at 20 µM with p < 0.01, whereas EL, ED, and OTCL showed no significant effects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that SDG and TCL upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes Runx2, SP7, OPG, Col1a1a, Alp, ON, OPN, and OCN in alloxan-treated zebrafish. The in vivo metabolite of lignans, EL, showed significant anti-inflammatory effect (p < 0.01) at 20 µM, which might also help to combat osteoporosis and other complications caused by excessive immune response in the body. The results provided scientific data for using the oil extraction by-products as sources of anti-osteoporosis compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study found that lignans in flaxseed cake and safflower seed cake exhibited anti-osteoporosis effects by upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes, making the oil extraction by-products sources of anti-osteoporosis compounds.
摘要：
亚麻籽饼和红花籽饼的主要木脂素成分为双糖苷(SDG)和单糖苷(TCL),是石油开采的副产品。SDG和TCL都在肠道细菌的参与下代谢为哺乳动物木酚素肠内酯(EL)。在这项研究中,我们评估了SDG和我们先前工作中制备的体内代谢物EL和肠二醇（ED）的抗骨质疏松作用，以及从红花种子中新分离的化学成分，包括TCL,内酯开环产物TCL(OTCL)和两种生物碱对四氧嘧啶诱导斑马鱼模型的影响。所有化合物在80μM时都显示出显着的抗骨质疏松作用，与模型相比，EL的p<0.05，其他化合物的p<0.001。SDG和TCL表现出最显著的浓度依赖性效应，与20µM时的模型相比，p<0.001。生物碱，N-香豆酰基5-羟色胺葡萄糖苷和N-阿魏酸酰基5-羟色胺葡萄糖苷，在20µM时也显示出抗骨质疏松症，p<0.01，而EL，ED,OTCL无明显影响。实时定量聚合酶链反应显示SDG和TCL上调成骨基因Runx2、SP7、OPG、Col1a1a,Alp,ON,OPN,和OCN在四氧嘧啶处理过的斑马鱼中。木脂素的体内代谢产物，EL,在20µM时显示出显着的抗炎作用（p<0.01），这也可能有助于对抗骨质疏松症和其他由体内过度免疫反应引起的并发症。结果为使用油提取副产物作为抗骨质疏松化合物的来源提供了科学数据。实际应用：这项研究发现，亚麻籽饼和红花籽饼中的木脂素通过上调成骨基因的表达表现出抗骨质疏松作用，使油提取副产物来源的抗骨质疏松化合物。
