PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Early childhood life is critical for optimal development and is the foundation of future well-being. Genetic, sociocultural, and environmental factors are important determinants of child development.
The objectives were to screen for suspected developmental delays (DDs) among Egyptian preschool children, and to explore the determinants of these delays based on sociodemographic, epidemiological, maternal, and child perinatal risk factors.
A national Egyptian cross-sectional developmental screening of a representative sample of preschool children (21,316 children) aged 12 to 71 months. The Revised Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (R-PDQ) followed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test, 2nd edition (DDST) was used.
Each screened child manifested at least one of six developmental categories. Either typical development, gross motor delay (GM), fine motor adaptive delay (FMA), Language delay (L), Personal-social delay (PS), or multiple DDs. The prevalence of preschool children with at least one DD was 6.4%, while 4.5% had multiple DDs. Developmental language delay was the most prevalent, affecting 4.2% of children. The least affected domain was GM (1.9% of children). Boys were more likely to have DD than girls. Children in urban communities were more likely to have at least one DD than those in rural areas (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.14-1.42), and children of middle social class than of low or high social class (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.30-1.70 & OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.23-1.59 respectively). The strong perinatal predictors for at least one DD were children with a history of postnatal convulsions (OR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.97-3.64), low birth weight (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.69-2.52), or history of postnatal cyanosis (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.26-2.49) and mothers had any health problem during pregnancy (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.44-2.07). Higher paternal and maternal education decreased the odds of having any DD by 43% (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47-0.68) and 31% (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.58-0.82) respectively.
This study demonstrates a considerable attempt to assess the types and the prevalence of DD among preschool children in Egypt. Perinatal factors are among the most common determinants of DD in preschool children and the majority could be preventable risk factors.
The objectives were to screen for suspected developmental delays (DDs) among Egyptian preschool children, and to explore the determinants of these delays based on sociodemographic, epidemiological, maternal, and child perinatal risk factors.
A national Egyptian cross-sectional developmental screening of a representative sample of preschool children (21,316 children) aged 12 to 71 months. The Revised Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (R-PDQ) followed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test, 2nd edition (DDST) was used.
Each screened child manifested at least one of six developmental categories. Either typical development, gross motor delay (GM), fine motor adaptive delay (FMA), Language delay (L), Personal-social delay (PS), or multiple DDs. The prevalence of preschool children with at least one DD was 6.4%, while 4.5% had multiple DDs. Developmental language delay was the most prevalent, affecting 4.2% of children. The least affected domain was GM (1.9% of children). Boys were more likely to have DD than girls. Children in urban communities were more likely to have at least one DD than those in rural areas (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.14-1.42), and children of middle social class than of low or high social class (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.30-1.70 & OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.23-1.59 respectively). The strong perinatal predictors for at least one DD were children with a history of postnatal convulsions (OR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.97-3.64), low birth weight (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.69-2.52), or history of postnatal cyanosis (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.26-2.49) and mothers had any health problem during pregnancy (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.44-2.07). Higher paternal and maternal education decreased the odds of having any DD by 43% (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47-0.68) and 31% (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.58-0.82) respectively.
This study demonstrates a considerable attempt to assess the types and the prevalence of DD among preschool children in Egypt. Perinatal factors are among the most common determinants of DD in preschool children and the majority could be preventable risk factors.
摘要：
背景：儿童早期生活对于最佳发展至关重要，并且是未来福祉的基础。遗传,社会文化,环境因素是儿童发展的重要决定因素。
目标：目标是在埃及学龄前儿童中筛查可疑的发育迟缓（DDs），并根据社会人口统计学来探索这些延迟的决定因素，流行病学,母性,和儿童围产期危险因素。
方法：埃及全国横断面发育筛查对12至71个月的学龄前儿童（21,316名儿童）的代表性样本进行筛查。修订后的丹佛预筛选发展问卷（R-PDQ），然后进行丹佛发育筛查测试，使用第二版(DDST)。
结果：每个接受筛查的儿童至少表现出六个发育类别中的一个。无论是典型的发展，总电机延迟(GM)，精细电机自适应延迟(FMA)，语言延迟（L），个人社会延迟(PS)，或多个DD。至少有一个DD的学龄前儿童的患病率为6.4％，4.5%有多个DDs。发育性语言延迟是最普遍的，影响4.2%的儿童。受影响最小的领域是GM（1.9％的儿童）。男孩比女孩更可能有DD。城市社区的儿童比农村地区的儿童更可能有至少一个DD（OR=1.28，95CI：1.14-1.42），和中等社会阶层的儿童比低社会阶层或高社会阶层的儿童（分别为OR=1.49，95CI：1.30-1.70和OR=1.40，95CI：1.23-1.59）。至少一个DD的强围产期预测因子是有产后惊厥史的儿童（OR=2.68，95CI：1.97-3.64），低出生体重（OR=2.06，95CI：1.69-2.52），或有产后紫癜病史（OR=1.77,95CI：1.26-2.49），母亲在怀孕期间有任何健康问题（OR=1.73,95CI：1.44-2.07）。较高的父亲和母亲教育水平分别将任何DD的几率降低了43％（OR=0.57，95％CI：0.47-0.68）和31％（OR=0.69，95CI：0.58-0.82）。
结论：这项研究证明了评估埃及学龄前儿童中DD的类型和患病率的相当大的尝试。围产期因素是学龄前儿童中最常见的DD决定因素之一，大多数可能是可预防的危险因素。
目标：目标是在埃及学龄前儿童中筛查可疑的发育迟缓（DDs），并根据社会人口统计学来探索这些延迟的决定因素，流行病学,母性,和儿童围产期危险因素。
方法：埃及全国横断面发育筛查对12至71个月的学龄前儿童（21,316名儿童）的代表性样本进行筛查。修订后的丹佛预筛选发展问卷（R-PDQ），然后进行丹佛发育筛查测试，使用第二版(DDST)。
结果：每个接受筛查的儿童至少表现出六个发育类别中的一个。无论是典型的发展，总电机延迟(GM)，精细电机自适应延迟(FMA)，语言延迟（L），个人社会延迟(PS)，或多个DD。至少有一个DD的学龄前儿童的患病率为6.4％，4.5%有多个DDs。发育性语言延迟是最普遍的，影响4.2%的儿童。受影响最小的领域是GM（1.9％的儿童）。男孩比女孩更可能有DD。城市社区的儿童比农村地区的儿童更可能有至少一个DD（OR=1.28，95CI：1.14-1.42），和中等社会阶层的儿童比低社会阶层或高社会阶层的儿童（分别为OR=1.49，95CI：1.30-1.70和OR=1.40，95CI：1.23-1.59）。至少一个DD的强围产期预测因子是有产后惊厥史的儿童（OR=2.68，95CI：1.97-3.64），低出生体重（OR=2.06，95CI：1.69-2.52），或有产后紫癜病史（OR=1.77,95CI：1.26-2.49），母亲在怀孕期间有任何健康问题（OR=1.73,95CI：1.44-2.07）。较高的父亲和母亲教育水平分别将任何DD的几率降低了43％（OR=0.57，95％CI：0.47-0.68）和31％（OR=0.69，95CI：0.58-0.82）。
结论：这项研究证明了评估埃及学龄前儿童中DD的类型和患病率的相当大的尝试。围产期因素是学龄前儿童中最常见的DD决定因素之一，大多数可能是可预防的危险因素。
