Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the agreement between noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP) measured from the tongue and thoracic limb with invasive blood pressure (IBP), and to compare NIBP measured from the tongue and thoracic limb in anaesthetized horses.
METHODS: Prospective clinical study.
METHODS: A group of eight client-owned healthy horses anaesthetized for scheduled procedures, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I-II, weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 498 ± 91 kg and aged 7.8 ± 6.75 years.
METHODS: Animals were premedicated with intravenous (IV) romifidine (0.04-0.08 mg kg-1) and methadone (0.1 mg kg-1). General anaesthesia was induced IV with ketamine (2.5 mg kg-1) and midazolam (0.05 mg kg-1) and maintained with isoflurane. The facial artery was catheterized for IBP measurements. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were recorded from the NIBPtongue, NIBPlimb and IBP every 20 minutes during the procedure. Agreement between NIBP and IBP was evaluated based on the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine criteria and American Association for Medical Instrumentation criteria using the Bland-Altman method.
RESULTS: The mean bias and precision between IBP and NIBP measured from the tongue met the standards for all pressure ranges (< 10 mmHg and < 15 mmHg, respectively). NIBP measurements from the tongue and thoracic limb tended to underestimate IBP measurements. During hypotension, MAPtongue and DAPtongue overestimated IBP, but both precision and accuracy met the criteria. The overall accuracy and precision of NIBPlimb was poorer than NIBPtongue. The percentage of NIBPtongue that differed from IBP by < 10 mmHg was higher than that recorded with NIBPlimb for SAP (46% versus 25%), MAP (77% versus 28%) and DAP (79% versus 19%).
CONCLUSIONS: The tongue is a clinically suitable alternative for assessing arterial blood pressure compared with the thoracic limb and can reliably detect hypotension in healthy anaesthetized horses.
METHODS: Prospective clinical study.
METHODS: A group of eight client-owned healthy horses anaesthetized for scheduled procedures, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I-II, weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 498 ± 91 kg and aged 7.8 ± 6.75 years.
METHODS: Animals were premedicated with intravenous (IV) romifidine (0.04-0.08 mg kg-1) and methadone (0.1 mg kg-1). General anaesthesia was induced IV with ketamine (2.5 mg kg-1) and midazolam (0.05 mg kg-1) and maintained with isoflurane. The facial artery was catheterized for IBP measurements. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were recorded from the NIBPtongue, NIBPlimb and IBP every 20 minutes during the procedure. Agreement between NIBP and IBP was evaluated based on the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine criteria and American Association for Medical Instrumentation criteria using the Bland-Altman method.
RESULTS: The mean bias and precision between IBP and NIBP measured from the tongue met the standards for all pressure ranges (< 10 mmHg and < 15 mmHg, respectively). NIBP measurements from the tongue and thoracic limb tended to underestimate IBP measurements. During hypotension, MAPtongue and DAPtongue overestimated IBP, but both precision and accuracy met the criteria. The overall accuracy and precision of NIBPlimb was poorer than NIBPtongue. The percentage of NIBPtongue that differed from IBP by < 10 mmHg was higher than that recorded with NIBPlimb for SAP (46% versus 25%), MAP (77% versus 28%) and DAP (79% versus 19%).
CONCLUSIONS: The tongue is a clinically suitable alternative for assessing arterial blood pressure compared with the thoracic limb and can reliably detect hypotension in healthy anaesthetized horses.
摘要：
目的：评估从舌头和胸肢测量的无创动脉血压（NIBP）与有创血压（IBP）之间的一致性。并比较麻醉马的舌头和胸肢的NIBP。
方法：前瞻性临床研究。
方法：一组八匹客户拥有的健康马匹进行了预定程序的麻醉，美国麻醉医师协会I-II分类，体重（平均值±标准偏差）498±91kg，年龄7.8±6.75岁。
方法:用静脉内(IV)罗米替定(0.04-0.08mg/kg-1)和美沙酮(0.1mg/kg-1)对动物进行预用药。用氯胺酮（2.5mgkg-1）和咪达唑仑（0.05mgkg-1）诱导全身麻醉，并用异氟烷维持。将面动脉插入导管以进行IBP测量。收缩压（SAP），从NIBP舌记录平均（MAP）和舒张压（DAP）动脉压，手术期间每20分钟一次NIBP肢体和IBP。根据美国兽医内科学院标准和美国医疗器械协会标准，使用Bland-Altman方法评估了NIBP和IBP之间的协议。
结果：从舌头测量的IBP和NIBP之间的平均偏差和精度均符合所有压力范围（<10mmHg和<15mmHg，分别)。来自舌头和胸肢的NIBP测量结果倾向于低估IBP测量结果。在低血压期间，MAPtongue和DAPtongue高估了IBP，但是精确度和准确度都符合标准。NIBPlimb的总体准确性和精密度均低于NIBPtongue。与IBP的差异<10mmHg的NIBP舌的百分比高于SAP的NIBP肢记录的百分比（46％对25％），MAP（77%对28%）和DAP（79%对19%）。
结论：与胸肢相比，舌头是评估动脉血压的临床合适选择，并且可以可靠地检测健康麻醉马的低血压。
方法：前瞻性临床研究。
方法：一组八匹客户拥有的健康马匹进行了预定程序的麻醉，美国麻醉医师协会I-II分类，体重（平均值±标准偏差）498±91kg，年龄7.8±6.75岁。
方法:用静脉内(IV)罗米替定(0.04-0.08mg/kg-1)和美沙酮(0.1mg/kg-1)对动物进行预用药。用氯胺酮（2.5mgkg-1）和咪达唑仑（0.05mgkg-1）诱导全身麻醉，并用异氟烷维持。将面动脉插入导管以进行IBP测量。收缩压（SAP），从NIBP舌记录平均（MAP）和舒张压（DAP）动脉压，手术期间每20分钟一次NIBP肢体和IBP。根据美国兽医内科学院标准和美国医疗器械协会标准，使用Bland-Altman方法评估了NIBP和IBP之间的协议。
结果：从舌头测量的IBP和NIBP之间的平均偏差和精度均符合所有压力范围（<10mmHg和<15mmHg，分别)。来自舌头和胸肢的NIBP测量结果倾向于低估IBP测量结果。在低血压期间，MAPtongue和DAPtongue高估了IBP，但是精确度和准确度都符合标准。NIBPlimb的总体准确性和精密度均低于NIBPtongue。与IBP的差异<10mmHg的NIBP舌的百分比高于SAP的NIBP肢记录的百分比（46％对25％），MAP（77%对28%）和DAP（79%对19%）。
结论：与胸肢相比，舌头是评估动脉血压的临床合适选择，并且可以可靠地检测健康麻醉马的低血压。
