Abstract：
Since its release at the end of 2022, the social response to ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM), has been huge, as it has revolutionized the way we communicate with computers. This review was performed to describe the technical background of LLMs and to provide a review of the current literature on LLMs in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS). The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for LLMs and OMS. Adjacent surgical disciplines were included to cover the entire literature, and records from Google Scholar and medRxiv were added. Out of the 57 records identified, 37 were included; 31 (84%) were related to GPT-3.5, four (11%) to GPT-4, and two (5%) to both. Current research on LLMs is mainly limited to research and scientific writing, patient information/communication, and medical education. Classic OMS diseases are underrepresented. The current literature related to LLMs in OMS has a limited evidence level. There is a need to investigate the use of LLMs scientifically and systematically in the core areas of OMS. Although LLMs are likely to add value outside the operating room, the use of LLMs raises ethical and medical regulatory issues that must first be addressed.
摘要：
自2022年底发布以来，社会对ChatGPT的反应，大型语言模型(LLM)，是巨大的，因为它彻底改变了我们与计算机通信的方式。进行这篇综述是为了描述LLM的技术背景，并对口腔颌面外科（OMS）领域的LLM的最新文献进行综述。PubMed,Scopus,并在WebofScience数据库中搜索LLM和OMS。包括相邻的外科学科以涵盖整个文献，并添加了GoogleScholar和medRxiv的记录。在确定的57条记录中，包括37例；31例（84％）与GPT-3.5相关，4例（11％）与GPT-4相关，2例（5％）与两者相关。目前对LLM的研究主要限于研究和科学写作，患者信息/沟通，和医学教育。经典的OMS疾病代表性不足。目前与OMS中LLM相关的文献证据水平有限。有必要在OMS的核心领域科学和系统地研究LLM的使用。尽管LLM可能会在手术室之外增加价值，LLM的使用引发了必须首先解决的道德和医疗监管问题。
